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INTRODUCTION OF DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive system is made up of the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small
intestines, and large intestines
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Mouth
Food begins its journey through the digestive system in the mouth, where it is chopped
into small pieces and moistened by saliva
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The teeth and tongue cut and grind food into smaller pieces,
and the salivary glands lubricate food as it passes through the mouth
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It serves
two different functions, routing food to the esophagus and air to the larynx
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It has a ring
called the lower esophageal sphincter that traps food in the stomach
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It contains
hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes that continue the digestion of food
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Liver and Gallbladder
The liver produces bile and secretes it into the small intestine
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Pancreas
The pancreas is a large gland located just inferior and posterior to the stomach
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Large Intestine
The large intestine is a long, thick tube that absorbs water and contains symbiotic bacteria
that aid in the breaking down of wastes to extract some small amounts of nutrients
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The digestive system secretes around 7 liters of fluids per day, including saliva, mucus,
hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and bile
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Mixing and Movement
The digestive system uses 3 main processes to move and mix food: swallowing, peristalsis,
and segmentation
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Digestion begins with the chewing of food by the teeth, continues with the muscular
mixing of food by the stomach and intestines, and ends with the pancreas secreting
pancreatic juice, which breaks down fats, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids into
smaller molecules
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The small
intestine is involved in the absorption of water and vitamins B and K
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Defecation is
controlled by the conscious part of the brain
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The most common symptoms of digestive
disorders include bleeding, bloating, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, pain, nausea and
vomiting

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