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Python Tutorial - Python Full Course for Beginners
Programming with Mosh
Mosh is a software engineer with two decades of experience and I 've taught over 3 million
people how to code
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In this tutorial I 'm going to show you how to download and install Python on your computer
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All the materials
you 're going to learn in this course will apply to the latest version of Python as well
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version is python 3
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2
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Python available
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So let 's go ahead and open it every time you open it, click on create new project
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Mac computers come with an older
installation of Python, that 's Python 2
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So by convention, all Python files should have this py extension
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So I 'm going to show you how to draw a dog hair
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In
the future as you learn more Python you 'll be able to build applications that have a graphical
user interface
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Python
interpreter tries to execute line 4 when it executes line 4
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and before the parenthesis , add a space , once again , add an asterisk ,
space , 10
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Are you excited to learn
Python and get started on this career path ? If you are, I would encourage you to make a
commitment and spend 2 hours every day practicing python
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Python interpreter executes our code line by line from the top
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On line 2, we can define
another variable called rating and set it to number 4
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Now note that Python is a case sensitive
language
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In this tutorial, I 'm going to
show you how to receive input from the user
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In Python we
also have functions for common tasks such as printing messages, receiving input , and so on
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The

link is below this video
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And I really appreciate it if you support my hard work by liking this video and sharing it
with others
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Python does n't know what to do with subtraction
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Python does n't know how to interpret or how to evaluate this expression
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I want you to write a program ask the user their weight and then convert it to
kilograms
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So I 've defined this
course variable and set it to Python for beginners
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45
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Let 's run this Python
program and see what happens
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The index of the first
character in the string is 0
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This is one of the features
that we do n't have in other programming languages as far as I know
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So with this
syntax , you can basically copy or clone a string
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brackets
syntax works , we can also use a similar syntax to extract a few characters instead of 1
character
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Formatted strings are particularly useful in situations where you dynamically generate
some text with your variables
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So I 'm going to
run this program there you go
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Jon Smith is a coder
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This is particularly useful when you
receive input from the user
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In this Python tutorial we will show you some really cool things you
can do with Python strings
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In contrast len and print are general
purpose functions, they do n't belong to strings or numbers or other kinds of objects
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There are times that you want to check the existence
of a character or sequence of characters in your string
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The in operator produces a boolean
value and I get true or false
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We can use the len function to count the number of characters in a string , this is the general
purpose function built into python
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These include upper for converting a string into uppercase and lower and title
methods
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augmented assignment operator is a way to write the same code but in a shorter
form
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So all the other programming languages
behave the same way
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The result is 6 and then its added to 10 when
the multiplication operator is applied first
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If you want to write a program that involves complex
mathematical calculations you need to import the math module
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We use these modules to organize our code into
different files
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In Python we have this math module which contains a bunch of rustable functions for
performing mathematical calculations
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There are so many functions built in this module and we do n't really have
time to go through all of them
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Pycharm shows you how to write a program that simulates these rules
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And otherwise if it's either hot or cold , we
want the user to say it ''s a lovely day
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If it's not hot it does n't necessarily mean that it 's cold
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We need to use an el if statement to define a second condition
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This is short for els if or otherwise if , now
here we add another condition so is cold
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Imagine the price of a house is 1 million dollars
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Write a program with these rules an display
the down payment card for a buyer with good credit
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If both
conditions are true then this message will be printed
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If we change either of these conditions to false then the
message disappears
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We also
have another logical operator called not and that inverses any boolean value we give it
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In this tutorial I 'm going to talk to you guys about
comparison operators in Python
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If temperature is greater than 30, then we want to print it 's a hot day
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This is the greater than operator, we also have greater than or equal to
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equal to and finally we have not equal which is an exclamation followed by an
equal sign
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If the
temperature equals to 30, then you can say it 's a hot day
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Here is where we use the dot operator to access all it 's
methods or functions , here we call the upper method , this will convert whatever the user enters
to upper case and then we 'll convert it to a capital l
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We use a y loop to execute a block of code multiple times and there
are often useful in building interactive programs and games
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Here is an example
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And then we set i to i plus 1
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So
we have this secret number which is currently set to 9
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So with this expression we can repeat a string
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We want to give our user a maximum of three guesses
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So as a best practice , always use
meaningful and descriptive names for your variables
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On a Mac computer it's shift and f 6
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If the user makes the right guess, our
while loop is going to get executed 3 times
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The last thing we need is the message
that tells the user that they failed if they could not guess the right number
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But if the user can not guess this number, you
're never going to break out of this loop
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In that case, the code in the other block will get executed and this is
the perfect opportunity for us to tell the user hey, you made three guesses but none of them
were right
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Now, let 's test the program one more time
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An empty string is a string that has no characters in it
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Now immediately we have a

problem here because we 're assuming that the user types the command in lower case
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You could also call this upper and then type quit in upper case
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So we use triple quotes like this
and give the user a guideline like this
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Finally we need an else part so if what the user enters is none of these commands , we 're
going to tell them , hey we do n't understand these
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When we use triple quotes, what we type here will be printed exactly as is
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I want you to take this
program to the next level
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If the
car is stopped and the user tries to stop it again , the program should say hey, the car's already
stopped
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In this
tutorial, I 'm going to talk to you guys about for loops in python
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In each iteration, this variable will hold one character at a time in the
first iteration it will be set to p then in the second
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So with this for loop we can iterate over a string
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We do n't to explicitly type out a list with let 's say
100 or 1000 numbers
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This is a special kind of object we can iterate over
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So this is the basics of using for loops in python
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In this tutorial I 'm going to talk to you guys about nested loops in python
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With this technique we can do some
amazing things for example we can easily generate a list of coordinates using nested loops
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So in the first iteration , of our outer loop
, x is 0
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In this inner
loop y is going to be 0 when we print 0 and 0 on the terminal
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So this is how nested loops get executed
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I want you to use an inner loop
here to generate a string that contains 5 x 's
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So go ahead and spend five
minutes on this exercise
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In the first iteration, x count is going to be 5
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Then after this inner loop we
simply print the output
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Now in this tutorial we 're going to take a closer look at lists
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If you want to print out the third element in a list it 's index
is 2 , so names of 2, returns Mosh
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I want you to
write a program to find the largest number in your list
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It does n't matter whether this number is at the end of the list or the beginning
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In this tutorial I 'm going to talk to you guys about two dimensional lists in python
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A 2 dimensional list is a list where each item in that list is another list
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In this tutorial, I'm going
to talk to you guys about the list methods or list functions
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The price for this course is 149 dollars but the first 200 students can get it for
only 15 dollars
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Use a different method called insert to add a number somewhere in the middle or at the
beginning of our list
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Clear method does n't take any values so we simply call it and it empties our list, all the
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We also have another useful method called hop, and with this we can remove the
last item in a list
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We
also have another method for counting the occurances of an item
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So these are all the operations that we can perform on
lists
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In this tutorial I 'm going to
talk to you guys about another important structure
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Tuples are similar to
lists so we can use them to store a list of items
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We
can not add new items or remove existing items
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In
this tutorial I 'm going to show you a powerful feature we have in python called unpacking
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So you imagine these
are the coordinates for x y and z
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If you want to create a list of items and make sure no where in
your program you accidentally modify that list, then it 's better to use a tuple
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We use dictionaries in
situations where we want to store information that comes as key value pairs
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A customer has a bunch of attributes like name, email, phone number, address and
so on
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So this is where we use a dictionary
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In a real
dictionary we have a bunch of words and they 're definition each word is only listed once
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So let 's delete the second duplicate key value pair
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A dictionary is a
structure that allows us to a key to a value
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So we can not put digit 1 to the word 1 we can map 2 to two
you get the point
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In this tutorial I 'm going to show you something really cool that you can do with dictionaries
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When we
press enter , we get this beautiful smiley
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We need to break up our code into smaller, more
manageable and more maintainable chunks which we call functions
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So if a user types good morning , we do
n't want to translate those words , we just want to return those
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We should break up our code into smaller
reusable chunks which we call functions to better organize our code
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So let 's write this simple program for printing a greeting message
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So any code that
we write here will belong to this function
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After that, Python sees that
we are calling the greet function , so it will jump over here and then execute these two lines
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So this is how functions work
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For example, you can add a name parameter , and we can pass the name of the user
when calling this function
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So when we call this function and pass this value this name parameter will be
set to Jon
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Most of the time we use positional arguments , but in certain situations these keyword
arguments helming helming
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For the most part, use positional arguments
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You simply prefix the arguments that you pass with
the name of their parameters and this will increase the readability of your code
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In this

tutorial I 'm going to show you how to create functions that return values
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So our square function returns the value we can simply get it
and store it in a variable
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By
default, by default python returns none
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So your exercise is to reorganize this code using a function
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Out of all these lines of code that we have from line 1 to line 10, the lines 10-2 belong to our
algorithm
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So , you should put these lines in a
separate function
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In this tutorial I 'm going to teach you how to handle errors in your
python programs
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So we call the input variable input input input and a label here , like age , this
returns a string
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And finally returns the output
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In python we have a
construct called try accept we use that to handle errors
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In programming we reefer to this
kind of error as an exception
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If you encounter an error that crashes our
program then instead of crashing the program, try this error message on the terminal
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We use comments to
add notes or comments to our programs
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With this comment we can explain something about our code
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In this tutorial I 'm going to talk to
you guys about classes in python
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We use classes to define new types to model real concepts
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The
naming convention we used for naming our classes is different from the convention we use for
naming variables and functions
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Instead we capitalize the first letter of every
word in a class
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These objects can also have attributes and these attributes are like variables that belong to a
particular object
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1
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1
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And
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Now

we can easily print out these attributes
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This is a very easy exercise so you can tackle it in probably a couple of minutes
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So in this class we define all the methods we need
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In
this tutorial Im going to talk to you about inheritance in Python
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Most languages that support classes also
support inherence
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Let 's print hi, I am Jon Smith
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We
define a new class called maml and move the walk method right there
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In this tutorial, I 'm going to talk to you about modules
in python
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And we use modules to
organize our code into files
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With this, not only is our code
better organized and structured but we 'll also have the ability to reuse our code
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py, I 've
defined two functions for converting weight from pounds to kilograms and vice versa
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Then we can
import that module into any program that needs these converter functions
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As part of this exercise , I want you to write a function , call it find max
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Now after you do this , go ahead and put
this function in a separate module
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Finally print the result and print it on the terminal
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The warning is basically
telling us that we are overwriting the built in max function in python so we are changing the
meaning of this function
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find max or explicitly import this function from
the utils module
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packages are
basically another way to organize our code
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A real project can contain hundreds or even thousands of modules
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A better approach is to organize related modules inside of a package
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In this
tutorials, we 're going to have all the modules related for an ecommerce application
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There are two

ways to import this module
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In this tutorial I 'm going to talk to you guys about the built in modules in python
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There are
so many modules already built into Python that means there is already lots of functionality that
we can reuse
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As you learn python as
you build more applications, gradually you will get familiar with more modules
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So in this tutorial, I 'm going to show you how to use
one of the built in modules for generating random values
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We also have another powerful
method for randomly picking an item from a list
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I want you to write this program to roll a dice
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So basically pycharm is following all the best
practices defined in pep8
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You'll
learn how to properly format your code so it's readable by other people
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That basically means it provides
classes that we can use to create objects to work with directories and files
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With absolute
paths we start from the root of our hard disk
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Check to see if a path exists by calling the exist method
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We can also see all the files and directories in a given path
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Even though python 's standard library is comprehensive and has so many modules for
common tasks , it 's not complete by any means
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There are so many packages right in front of us to reuse in our programs
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In this
tutorial, I 'm going to show you how to install packages from pypi
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This is a package that we
use for working with excel spreadsheets
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In this tutorial I 'm going to show you something really awesome you can do with python
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This is extremely valuable in situation where you
have hundreds or thousands of spreadsheets that need to be updated
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You can simply build a python
program in less than half an hour
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spreadsheets in under one second
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The python program is going to do all of this in a matter of seconds
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So
simply copy paste the transactions file right here and add it to your project
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For each row we need to get the value in the third column
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We 'll get that and then multiply by 0
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Let 's print the value of this cell , cell
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Using the same method we need to get a reference to the cell , to the given row but in the fourth
column
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cell , and pass row and four as the arguments
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Next we have to set the value in this cell
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value to this corrected price
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We are limiting the range of cells we 're selecting to the fourth column
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Next , we call chart chart
chart
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We have written all the code in app
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So let 's goo ahead
and organize this code like a professional software developer
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So we want o reorganize this code , and move it inside of a function
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So here we can simply overwrite the same file
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It is one of the
trending topics in the world, these days
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We build a model or an engine and give it lots and lots
of data
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We need to make
sure that our data is in a good shape and clean shape
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So we build a model using an algorithm,
next we need to train our model
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Side kick learn is one of the most popular algorithms in machine learning
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The first one is numpy which provides a multidimensional array
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Data frame is
a two dimensional data structure similar to an excel spreadsheet
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Anaconda is it will install jupiter as well as all those data popular science libraries like numpy,
Pandas and so on
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In this notebook we can
write python code , and execute it line by line
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In this lecture we 're going to download a data set from a very popular

website called caggle
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Caggle is basically a place to do data science projects
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On this page you can see the
description of various columns in this data set
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But in this lecture I 'm going to show
you some of the most useful methods and attributes
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The average year year for all these video games in our dataset is 2006
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Below
that we have min , as an example the minimum value for the year column is 1980
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In the next lecture I 'm going to show you some of the
useful shortcuts of jupiter
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That is command shift and F
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We can insert an empty cell above this cell by pressing a or b
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Note that when you run a cell , this will only execute
the code in that cell
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Similar to vs code , we can also convert a line to comment by pressing command and slash on
mac or control slash on windows
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First we need to import our data, then we should prepare or clean it, next we select a machine
learning algorithm to build a model
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And
finally we evaluate our algorithm to see it's accuracy
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When we train a model we give it two separate data sets
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The output set which is in this case the genre column contains
the predictions so we 're telling our model that if we have a user who is 20 years old and a male
they like hip hop
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In this
lecture we 're going to use a very simple algorithm called decision tree
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So, at the end , let 's create an object called
models nd set it to anew instance of decision tree classifier
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In this lecture I 'm going to show you how to measure the accuracy of your models
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One for training and the other for testing
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The accuracy score is 1 or a 100 %
but if we run this one more time we 're going to see a different result because every time we
split our data set into training a test set
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The more data we give to our model and the

cleaner the data is , we get the better result
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The more complex a problem is , the
more complex problems we need
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Model persistence is important, once in a while , you build and train our model and then we save
it to a file
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That model is already trained you do n't need to retrain it , it 's like an intelligent
person
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Now I want you to follow along with me, type everything exactly as I show you in this lecture
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To visualize this graph
we need to install an extension in vs code
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Look at this second extension here
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language by stephon vs
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Next we 're going to use python and a popular framework called django to build a web
application
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It provides a structure
for each application and tells us what folders or files we should have in our project
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These tutorials will most likely work
with the latest version of django
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So let 's go ahead
alright , django is installed , next we need to create a django project
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py and passing run server as an argument
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And finally we have this module that wsgi
is to provide a standard interface between applications built with django and web servers

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