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Biology Lecture 1 Intro to Biology
Biology is essentially the study of life
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And so when we study life, it 's one of those
things that doesn't quite have an easy definition
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So far, most scientists can agree upon a particular definition of life
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bacteria,
yeast, a group of organisms called protists or subgroups within that kingdom - all living
things are made of cells
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the most basic level of
organisation of life is the cell
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The first characteristic is that all life is organised and that 's where we are going to spend our
initial time, looking at this complexity from the atoms and up
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Though there are over 100 elements, 92 are
actually naturally occurring and others which we have created in the laboratory using those
92 naturally occurring elements
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These six elements or what we call atoms will be found in all living organisms
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Organelles
are small structures that have a specific role or function in the cell
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One of the more important organelles, especially for our body
are things like mitochondria
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A ribosome is this
large structure that essentially makes proteins so your body functions depend upon which
proteins are made
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Organelles are structures in a cell each with their
respective functions
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Others protect your DNA , like the nucleus
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In the human body alone , we have four main types of tissues
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Some cells when they come together will form muscle
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When those tissues come together to form a more complex structure, that's
what we call an organ
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Not every
organism has that many but trees have the ability to push fluids through their cells into the
leaves and that's their organ system
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The word is also used to describe a living cell like a bacteria
as an organism
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It involves everything within an area and all of the nonliving interactions such as
rainfall, temperature, nutrient flow and cycling
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When you eat fats and sugars and proteins, your body
breaks them down, that 's our form of metabolism
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We depend upon the sun to essentially make them their own food and then use it and
process it
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They essentially break down waste products
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All life must maintain what we call homeostasis
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Entropy, heat is a byproduct as a result of that, it's wasted energy as it has
been given up
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You are heating your body
up
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Most reproduction on our planet is what we call asexual reproduction or mitosis
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In some scenarios when your
temperature gets up to 104, 105, this is the danger zone because at that temperature, your
cells start to die
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Most animals
undergo a different process which we call meiosis or sexual reproduction
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99% of species that have lived on this
planet have died, even though a good number of them have been sexually reproducing
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When you look at a species in its
environment, you will see that the reason why the species has the phenotypes is due to the
fact that that is the most advantageous for that environment and that has over time adapted
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