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Heart Murmurs and Heart Sounds:
The first heart sound or S1 is caused by the closing of the
atrioventricular valves
...
In older patients it can indicate heart failure as the heart is
stiff and weak so they reached their limit quicker than normal
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When you're listening to murmurs you want
to auscultate with the bell of your stethoscope to hear low pitched
sounds
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It can lead
to dilatation where the muscle gets thinner and expands think of it
blowing up like a balloon
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The heart muscle is
pushing against a stenotic valve it has to work a lot harder
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During systole there’s blood flowing backwards through this valve,
which results in a high-pitched whistling murmur due to the high
velocity of blood flow through the leaky valve
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The most
common cause of aortic stenosis is just idiopathic age-related
calcification of the valve, which is due to difficulty maintaining good
flow of blood to the brain through that narrow valve
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When
you palpate the pulse, it’ll be slow to rise and when you do the blood
pressure, it’ll be low

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