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Title: CLASS 10 NOTES
Description: This are the best notes in a good price All the best for class 10
Description: This are the best notes in a good price All the best for class 10
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NCERT Summary : The Rise of
Nationalism in Europe
The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation
French Revolution of 1789 was the first clear expression of nationalism
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Gained absolute powers in 1799 by becoming the First Consul
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Napoleon took away political freedom, increased taxes, imposed censorship and forced
people to join French army
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People residing in different areas spoke different languages
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The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class
Aristocracy
The land owning class
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Numerically a small group
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Educated class where ideas of nationality gained popularity
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In the economic sphere liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and
Zollverein abolished tariff barriers, reduced the number of currencies to two, and
promoted a network of railways to stimulate mobility
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Treaty of Vienna (1815):
Bourbon dynasty was restored to power in France
A series of states created on the French boundary for preventing French
expansion in future
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Main intentions was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by
Napoleon
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Giuseppe Mazzini:
Born in Genoa in 1807
A member of the secret society of Carbonari
Founded Young Italy in Marseellies, Young Europe in Berne
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The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848
In July 1830, Bourbon kings of France were overthrown and a constitutional
monarchy was established
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Greece which had been a part of the Ottomon Empire since the fifteenth century,
struggled for independence
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The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling
A cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist
sentiment, criticized the glorification of reason and science and focused instead
on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings
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Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt
In most countries there were more seekers of jobs than employment
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The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in
town and country
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In 1845, weavers in Silesia led a revolt against contractors
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Frankfurt Parliament:
On 18 May 1848, members of political association’s elected 831 representatives
who took their places in the Frankfurt Parliament convened in the Church of St
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It was opposed by King of Prussia and also lost its social basis as no rights were
given to workers and women
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The Making of Germany and Italy
Germany
Otto Van Bismarck with the help of Prussian army and bureaucracy took on the
leadership of the movement for national unification
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Kaiser William I of Prussia headed the new German Empire
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Initially a unification programme was initiated by Giuseppe Mazzini, but it failed
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In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy
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English parliament seized power from the monarchy
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In 1801, Ireland was forcibly taken by the British after the failed revolution
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Visualising the Nation
Nations were portrayed as female figure (Allegory)
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In France the allegory was christened as Marianne, in Germany – Germania
became the allegory
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Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation was under the control
of the Ottomon Empire
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The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more
territory at the expense of each other
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This led to a series of wars in the region and finally resulted in the First World War
Title: CLASS 10 NOTES
Description: This are the best notes in a good price All the best for class 10
Description: This are the best notes in a good price All the best for class 10