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Elements
Atoms
Atom = the smallest unit of matter that retains all of
the chemical properties of an element
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The 4 elements common to all living organisms are:
oxygen (O), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), + nitrogen (N)
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The composition of a compound is always the same
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Why is carbon so basic to life? Carbon’s ability to form
stable bonds with many elements, including itself
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Molecules

Polymers = Very large molecules, built of repeating units of
smaller compounds called monomers
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Chemical bond = a force that holds together the atoms
of molecules
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All biochemical compounds contain the elements carbon,
hydrogen, and oxygen
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The vast number of biochemical compounds can be grouped
into four major classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
nucleic acids
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When some atoms dissolve in water they become charged particles called ions, either positively
or negatively charged
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Positive Ions = e
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g
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They conduct
electricity when dissolved in water
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Organic and Inorganic Compounds
The molecules in an animal’s body fall into two groups: inorganic compounds and organic
compounds
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E
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water, sodium chloride, potassium hydroxide
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Other
compounds help keep the pH balance and concentration of the blood and other body fluids stable
Organic compounds e
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carbohydrates, proteins and fats/lipids
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Can consist of from one to thousands of carbon atoms joined to form
chains, branched chains and rings
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