Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Form E23
(December 2021)

2021 l 2022

In response to your request for Test Information
Release materials, this booklet contains the test
questions, scoring keys, and conversion tables used
in determining your ACT scores
...


© 2021 by ACT, Inc
...

NOTE: This test material is the confidential copyrighted property of ACT, Inc
...
Violators of ACT’s copyrights are subject to civil and criminal penalties
...
These tests measure skills and
abilities highly related to high school course work and
success in college
...

The questions in each test are numbered, and the
suggested answers for each question are lettered
...

For each question, first decide which answer is best
...
Then, locate the
oval in that row lettered the same as your answer
...
Use a soft lead pencil
and make your marks heavy and black
...

Mark only one answer to each question
...
For each
question, make certain that you mark in the row of ovals
with the same number as the question
...
Your score on each test will be based only
on the number of questions you answer correctly during
the time allowed for that test
...
It is to your advantage to answer every
question even if you must guess
...
If you finish a test before time is
called for that test, you should use the time remaining to
reconsider questions you are uncertain about in that test
...
To do so will disqualify you from the
examination
...
You may not for any reason fill
in or alter ovals for a test after time is called for that test
...

Do not fold or tear the pages of your test booklet
...


1

1
ENGLISH TEST
45 Minutes—75 Questions

DIRECTIONS: In the five passages that follow, certain
words and phrases are underlined and numbered
...
In most cases, you are to choose the
one that best expresses the idea, makes the statement
appropriate for standard written English, or is worded
most consistently with the style and tone of the passage
as a whole
...
” In some cases, you will find in
the right-hand column a question about the underlined
part
...


You will also find questions about a section of the passage, or about the passage as a whole
...

For each question, choose the alternative you consider
best and fill in the corresponding oval on your answer
document
...
For
many of the questions, you must read several sentences
beyond the question to determine the answer
...


PASSAGE I

NASA’s Inaugural Artist in Residence
[1]
For over forty years, Laurie Anderson has
appropriated electronics, video, and sound, to create
1

art that defies categorization
...
[A] Five years
later, she invented a violin that clones as an audiotape
3

player
...
[B] In 2002, Anderson’s fascination

1
...

B
...

D
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
Anderson, to ignite her career,
Anderson igniting her career
Anderson ignited her career

3
...

B
...

D
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
the invention of
inventing
to invent

with technology contributed to her being named the first
artist in residence at NASA, where she was given free
rein to explore the facilities in search of inspiration
...
When Anderson was
growing up in the 1950s, space travel and artificial
intelligence existed only in science fiction stories
...


1

1

A half century later, at NASA, Anderson witnessed the

5
...
NO CHANGE
B
...

C
...

D
...


5

realization of both
...
At the Jet Propulsion

6
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
from a video feed provided by
of a video feed provided by
by a video feed provided of

Laboratory in Pasadena, California, she was introduced
to robots that function autonomously through controland-sensor-processing software
...
The performance
features Anderson on a candlelit stage, standing

8
...
stage, where she stands
G
...
stage
...
stage; standing

8

in front of an image of the moon’s surface
...
At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true sentence:
Neil Armstrong was the first man to be photographed walking on the moon’s surface
...
Yes, because the sentence contributes to the paragraph’s discussion of how Anderson uses photography in her performance art
...
Yes, because the sentence contributes to the paragraph’s discussion of how and why The End of the
Moon is a reimagining of NASA’s first moon
landing
...
No, because the sentence is not relevant to the
paragraph’s description and interpretation of The
End of the Moon
...
No, because the sentence is not relevant to the
paragraph’s critique of Anderson’s struggle to
make performance art commercially viable
...


1

1

Anderson begins the show by referencing the
technology to which she was privy at NASA
...
While
11

sweeping the bow over the strings of a viola, Anderson

10
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
technology’s
one’s
this

12
...
NO CHANGE
G
...
producing music by playing a viola,
J
...
The string

music that transforms into electronic sounds, which then
13

reverberate into futuristic, otherworldly music
...


13
...

B
...

D
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
stimulating: and
stimulating—
stimulating;

Question 15 asks about the preceding passage
as a whole
...
The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay:
Her “talking stick,” for instance, was a sixfoot-long baton that could record and replicate
sounds
...
Point A in Paragraph 1
...
Point B in Paragraph 1
...
Point C in Paragraph 1
...
Point D in Paragraph 2
...

Zebras are willful animals
...
Which choice most effectively leads the reader from
the first sentence of this paragraph to the information
that follows in the rest of the paragraph?
F
...
Observing zebras in a small group, rather than in a
herd, might not make a difference
...
Researchers don’t celebrate this about zebras
...
This is helpful to zebras
...
One zebra resembling another is not

ACT-E23

4

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
Biologists trying to
monitor individual zebras sometimes joke that finding
one in the wild typically is easy it’s finding the same

17
...

B
...

D
...


NO CHANGE
easy for them
easy;
easy,

[2]
Working together, scientists at the University of

18
...
NO CHANGE
G
...
Aware that biologists enjoy the joke,
J
...
StripeSpotter translates the pattern of stripes on a
zebra’s side, into an identifier, similar to a bar code, that

19
...

B
...

D
...
4

20
...

Should the writer make this addition here?
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


[3]
The process begins when a researcher uploads a still
photograph of a zebra to StripeSpotter
...


21
...

B
...

D
...
The writer is considering revising the underlined portion to the following:
an image of even, black-and-white lines
...
Yes, because the revision reveals that StripeSpotter
can be used to make line art based on a zebra’s
stripes
...
Yes, because unlike the original wording, the revision highlights that a zebra identification code is
made up of parallel lines
...
No, because the revision lacks the clarity and
specificity of the description in the original
wording
...
No, because the revision suggests that the means
through which StripeSpotter creates images are
largely unscientific
...

22

ACT-E23

NO CHANGE
side into an identifier,
side, into an identifier
side into an identifier

5

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
Providing the zebra’s “StripeCode,”
24

unique to each animal in much the same way a fingerprint

23
...

B
...

D
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
Resulting in
This is
As

25
...

B
...

D
...
The StripeCode is logged in the
database, where a researcher uploading a new photograph
of a zebra can scan the stored codes to find a potential
match
...
Any pattern

26
...
NO CHANGE
G
...

H
...

J
...


26

present over an animal’s life could be translated

27
...
Yes, because the revision more clearly indicates
that some animal patterns are more precise than a
zebra’s stripes when used for identification
...
Yes, because the revision more clearly explains the
key characteristic an animal pattern must have to
be useful as the basis of an identification code
...
No, because the revision provides less support for
the essay’s earlier claim that a zebra’s stripes can
be translated into an identification code with ease
...
No, because the revision offers a less clear explanation of how researchers decide which animal
patterns can be used for identification
...
Which choice is most consistent with the word pattern
used in the other two examples in this sentence?
F
...
an elephant’s trunk that has wrinkles,
H
...
wrinkles on an elephant’s trunk,

28

a tortoise’s shell
...
Which choice most strongly emphasizes that one benefit of StripeSpotter is that it allows researchers to monitor the activities of zebras without causing the animals
harm or distress?
A
...
conveniently
C
...
humanely

29

and migration patterns of endangered zebra species
in Kenya
...


1

1
Question 30 asks about the preceding passage
as a whole
...
The writer is considering adding the following sentence to the essay:
He or she has to be sure not to include any
grass, foliage, or other surrounding objects or
animals in the cropped area
...
Point A in Paragraph 3
...
Point B in Paragraph 3
...
Point C in Paragraph 4
...
Point D in Paragraph 4
...
A
...

C
...


31

Rail Road in Flushing, Queens, commuters ponder a
31

NO CHANGE
Station, of the Long Island Rail Road,
Station of, the Long Island Rail Road,
Station, of the Long Island Rail Road

mural spanning over three hundred square feet on
the station’s south wall
...
[3] From afar,
the mural appears as a series of aquamarine, vase-shaped
silhouettes against a white tile background
...
Which sequence of sentences makes this paragraph
most logical?
F
...
1, 3, 2
H
...
3, 1, 2

The mural, titled Celadon Remnants, is
artist Jean Shin’s homage on the Korean American
33

community in Flushing
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
about
to
of

34
...

G
...

J
...
A
...
sought by Shin was a means of visually representing her dual identity
C
...
Shin sought a means of visually representing her
dual identity

35

sought by Shin as an American and a Korean
...


ACT-E23

7

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
Originally from China, celadon was

36
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
whereas
where
past

further developed in the tenth and eleventh centuries in
Korea, in which inlaid designs and decorative elements
37

were added
...
Given that all the choices are true, which one most
effectively leads the reader from the first two sentences
of the paragraph to the rest of the paragraph?
F
...
The celadon’s color is a result of iron oxide’s
transformation from ferric to ferrous iron during
the firing process
...
It has been theorized that the name “celadon”
derives from the Sanskrit words for green and
stone
...
Shin Sang-ho, one of Korea’s most celebrated
modern ceramicists, began his career re-creating
traditional celadon
...
Today, South Korean ceramicists will
38

accept nothing less than perfection in creating their art
...

Shin decided that these scraps, or shards,
would be an ideal medium for her mural
...


39
...
where it is now
...
after the word ceramicists
...
after the word city
...
after the word arranged
...


Using the shards—many of whose are adorned with

40
...

G
...

J
...
Which choice provides the most specific description of
the adornments on the shards of celadon?
A
...
Korean characters and labyrinthine patterns—
C
...
numerous symbols and various designs—

41

constructed her mural
...
In Queens, Shin’s use of
44

the fragments to construct an artwork that

42
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
they’re
her
its

44
...

G
...

J
...


celebrated a Korean tradition
...


ACT-E23

8

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
Which of the following alternatives to the underlined
portion would NOT be acceptable?
A
...
present and they create
C
...
They create
D
...


PASSAGE IV

Captain Charles Young’s Road to the Giant Sequoias
Able to grow as tall as a twenty-six-story building
and as wide as a city street, Earth has the largest living

46
...
NO CHANGE
G
...

H
...

J
...


46

things, which are giant sequoia trees
...
Yet until 1903, few visitors

47
...
NO CHANGE
B
...

C
...

D
...


47

could gain access to the trees in the park’s Giant

Forest: there was no completed road
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
Forest: because there was
Forest; because there was
Forest;

49
...

B
...

D
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
to the road from
from the road to
of the road to

51
...

B
...

D
...
Young had

summer months—had managed to complete only about
six miles to the road of the Giant Forest
...
The first black
superintendent of a national park and a revered leader of
the army’s all-black 9th and 10th Cavalries, Young had the
51

experience needed to direct the completion of the project
...


1

1

In June 1903, under Young’s command, the soldiers
began work on the road
...
By the middle of August, vehicles could enter
the park
...

Because he had his troops
52

send most of their efforts into the road,
53

Young was just as concerned with maintaining

52
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
channel
convey
shape

54
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
further harm in the future
...

bad stuff
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
was
are
is

the park’s natural features
...

Nevertheless, since tourist foot traffic tended to damage
54

some of the giant sequoias, Young had his soldiers place
fences around the most damaged trees to protect them
from future bad stuff
...
Y In 2003,

57
...

Should the writer make this addition here?
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


the National Park Service decided to formally
recognize the efforts of Captain Young (who

being promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1916)
...
F
...

H
...


58

ACT-E23

10

NO CHANGE
having been
had been
DELETE the underlined portion
...


1

1

Today, those who visit the park use Young’s road to reach
59
...
NO CHANGE
B
...

C
...

D
...


the Giant Forest, which is home to General Sherman, the
59

world’s largest tree
...

60
...
Would this essay accomplish that purpose?
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


PASSAGE V

The Curious Case of Turritopsis Dohrnii
For decades, the diminutive jellyfish Turritopsis
dohrnii—mere millimeters wide as an adult—did not
unveil much notice from scientists
...
dohrnii doing something astonishing
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
disclose
reveal
elicit

62
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
astonishing: reverting
astonishing; reverting
astonishing reverting

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
In a sense, they grew younger
...
If the writer were to delete the underlined sentence, the
paragraph would primarily lose:
F
...
dohrnii had been
observed reverting from maturity to an earlier life
stage
...
a statement that helps clarify the previous details
about T
...

H
...
dohrnii
...
evidence that Sommer continued to observe
T
...


64

T
...
After fertilization,

65
...
NO CHANGE
B
...

C
...

D
...


65

a T
...
In time, the larva settles on the ocean floor and
transforms into a mound of cells—a hydroid colony
...
These
jellyfish then detach from the colony, and drift away
66

reaching maturity in a few weeks
...
F
...

H
...


NO CHANGE
colony and, drift away
colony and drift away,
colony and drift away

67
...

B
...

D
...
dohrnii, if stressed
T
...
dohrnii if stressed

68
...

G
...

J
...

transformative cycles of metamorphosis
...


After Sommer’s discovery, studies confirmed that
T
...
An adult
T
...
That
colony can then create new jellyfish, which in turn can
also revert to hydroid colonies
...

68

In the 1990s, journalists nicknamed T
...
Which of the following alternatives to the underlined
portion would NOT be acceptable?
A
...
dohrnii:
B
...
dohrnii, calling it the
C
...
dohrnii: the
D
...
dohrnii the

69

“immortal jellyfish
...
Given that all the choices are accurate, which one provides the most relevant information at this point in the
essay?
F
...
the cells and genes of T
...
an adult T
...
T
...
dohrnii’s life cycle, but
70

each individual T
...
Although
the cells of the adult are essentially recycled during
its transformation, all the new jellyfish grow into
separate organisms—albeit genetically equivalent ones
...


1

1

In a way, the new jellyfish are clones amidst the
71

originating adult
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
with
of
to

72
...

G
...

J
...
A
...

C
...


NO CHANGE
does to transform,
does is
does,

Scientists are still studying how T
...
At the cellular level, what the jellyfish
72

does, which is called transdifferentiation, wherein one
73

type of cell becomes another type
...
At this point, the writer is considering adding the following true statement:
T
...

Should the writer make this addition here?
F
...
dohrnii may face
...
Yes, because it reveals that individual T
...

H
...
dohrnii
...
No, because it interrupts the discussion of
T
...


the mechanisms of T
...
Given that all the choices are accurate, which one
would best conclude the essay by emphasizing specific
benefits of T
...
NO CHANGE
B
...
dohrnii
...
is really important, although there are few experts
devoted to the study of this fascinating creature
...
will require much diligence, since T
...


75

and disease in all animals, including humans
...


ACT-E23

13

2

2
MATHEMATICS TEST
60 Minutes—60 Questions

DIRECTIONS: Solve each problem, choose the correct
answer, and then fill in the corresponding oval on your
answer document
...

Note: Unless otherwise stated, all of the following should
be assumed
...

Solve as many as you can; then return to the others in
the time you have left for this test
...

2
...

4
...
You
may use your calculator for any problems you choose,

Illustrative figures are NOT necessarily drawn to scale
...

The word line indicates a straight line
...


DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
For all nonzero values of x and y, which of the
35x 5y4
following expressions is equivalent to − ______ ?
5xy

A
...

C
...

E
...
The degree measures of the 3 angles of the triangle
below are expressed in terms of x
...

G
...

J
...


10
12
24
30
36

(4x)°
(6x)°

3
...
5-ounce batch of cologne will be used to fill
empty bottles
...
35 ounces
of cologne
...
013
B
...
122
D
...
139
4
...
Of those
parking spaces NOT reserved for handicapped parking,
20 are suitable for compact cars only
...
160
G
...
174
J
...
188

ACT-E23

14

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


5
...
−35
B
...
−18
D
...
0−7

6
...
For each successive birthday, Ricardo
deposits $200  more than the amount deposited for the
previous birthday
...
What is the total amount of money
Ricardo will have deposited into the account for Ruth
up to and including her 6th birthday?
F
...
$4,200
H
...
$4,900
K
...
Tawanna bought a used car
...
00
...
The total amount Tawanna paid for the car
was $7,000
...
What was the amount of each of her
monthly payments?
A
...
44
B
...
00
C
...
44
D
...
89
E
...
00

8
...

G
...

J
...


ACT-E23

84
3 −40
31 −264
3 113 1074
3 33 1074
11 2
3−3
134
10
3 15
11 74

15

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


9
...
They started
with 4 gallons of paint
...

4
2

How many gallons of paint were left when they
completed their first day of painting?
A
...
2 _41_
C
...
3 _41_
E
...
In the standard (x,y) coordinate plane, what is the slope
of the line through (−3,1) and (5,6) ?
F
...
− _5_
8

H
...


_5_
2

K
...
The lengths of corresponding sides of 2  similar right
triangles are in the ratio 4:5
...
How many inches
long is the hypotenuse of the larger triangle?
A
...
25
B
...
20
D
...
30

12
...
What is sin,A ?
F
...
__
15

8

15_
H
...


A

15

C

17_
__
15

17_
K
...


2

2
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
In the figure shown below, C is on the segment with
endpoints A and D
...

What is the distance, in kilometers, between B and D ?
A

C

D

B
A
...

C
...

E
...
What is the sum of the 2 solutions of the equation
x2 − 4x − 45 = 0 ?
F
...
−5
H
...

4
K
...
In the figure shown below, all angles are right angles,
and the side lengths given are in inches
...

B
...

D
...


42
57
67
89
99

16
...
A blinking dot is
positioned at (2,3)
...
5  coordinate units per
second; then, vertically in the positive y direction for
2 seconds at the same speed
...
(2,6)
G
...
(4,4)
J
...
(6,5)

ACT-E23

17

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...

Use the following information to answer
questions 17–19
...
Parents and guardians who enrolled their
children for camp by May 15 received a 20% discount off
the regular enrollment fee for each child enrolled
...
The grade of any child is that child’s grade in
school as of May 15
...
By May 15, Mr
...
One child was in Grade 4, and the other was
in Grade 6
...
Ramirez
paid to enroll his 2 children?
A
...
$800
C
...
$860
E
...
Which of the following equations gives a true
relationship between the regular enrollment fee, f, and
the grade, g, of any child enrolled in the camp?
F
...
f = 050g
H
...
f = 050g + 300
K
...
By May 15, Ms
...
One child was in Grade 3, and the other was in
Grade 4
...
For each grade, 1 name will be randomly
drawn
...
 Chen’s children will be drawn?
A
...

C
...

E
...


2

2
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
You drove 18 miles in 20 minutes at a constant speed
and did NOT exceed the speed limit, given in miles per
hour
...
45
G
...
55
J
...
65

1_
21
...
−4
B
...


27

D
...


1_
___
243

P_
22
...
Which of the following expressions gives I in
terms of P and R ?
F
...


√

••
R
__
P

••
P
__
R

P
H
...


R
__
P

K
...
One welcome sign flashes every 8 seconds, and
another welcome sign flashes every 12 seconds
...
How
many seconds elapse until the 2 signs next flash at the
same time?
A
...
10
C
...
24
E
...


2

2
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
The area of a certain square is 900 square inches
...
030
G
...
120
J
...
450
25
...

Several months ago, DNR  rangers captured, tagged,
and then released 108 deer
...
The DNR
estimates the deer population in the county using the
proportion below
...

B
...

D
...


108
126
144
162
198

26
...
What is the 1st term (a1 ) ?
F
...
06
H
...

12
K
...
A pedometer records the number of steps a person
takes as he or she walks
...
25 feet per step, how much distance, to the nearest
0
...
0
...
0
...
1
...
1
...
3
...
Among a group of 20 students, 13 students are
members of the Math Club, 11 students are members
of the Drama Club, and 9 students are members of both
clubs
...
04
G
...
06
J
...
13

ACT-E23

20

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


29
...
04
B
...
11
D
...
56

30
...

G
...

J
...


(x − 4)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 05
(x − 4)2 + ( y + 3)2 = 25
(x − 3)2 + ( y + 4)2 = 25
(x + 3)2 + ( y − 4)2 = 05
(x + 4)2 + ( y − 3)2 = 25

31
...
Each
student earned a test score that was an integer number
of points, and no 2 students earned the same test score
...
How many
students earned a test score that was greater than
80 points?
A
...
12
C
...
14
E
...
Shefali goes to a farmers’ market every Saturday
...
47
...
36
...
Given that none of
the prices have changed over the last 3 weeks, what is
the maximum number of apples she can purchase
today?
(Note: No sales tax is charged at this farmers’ market
...
18
G
...
21
J
...
23

ACT-E23

21

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...

Use the following information to answer
questions 33–36
...
55, which included sales tax
...
The partial
receipt is shown below
...
m
...
00
$6
...
00
$4
...
Fletcher left his home 1 hour  15 minutes before he
entered the store
...
What time did Fletcher
leave his home?
A
...
m
...
01:10 p
...

C
...
m
...
01:30 p
...

E
...
m
...
To the nearest $0
...
$1
...
$2
...
$2
...
$2
...
$3
...
The price of the doll was how much greater than the
mean of the 4 prices shown on the partial receipt?
A
...
50
B
...
00
C
...
25
D
...
50
E
...
00

ACT-E23

22

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


36
...
00 before sales tax on
x bags of marbles and y cars purchased at the prices
shown on the partial receipt
...
Which one?
F
...


5
O

G
...


10

O

H
...
In nDEF, shown in the figure below, EG is an
altitude, ∠DEF is a right angle, EF = 20 centimeters,
and the measure of ∠EDF is 30°
...

B
...

D
...


ACT-E23

G

F

10
10å3
20
20å3
40

23

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


38
...

Let
f (x) = x 2 + 7x − 3
h(x) = f (x) − g(x)
...
−16
G
...
14
J
...
24
39
...
Which of
the following is closest to the degree measure of ∠C ?
B
10
80
90 0 110 12
70
0
8
0
0 70
0
1
110
60 130
50 120
50
0
13

A

70 180
60 1
0 1
10 0
15
20
30

40

A
...

C
...

E
...
For real numbers x and y such that 0 ≤ x ≤ 5 and y ≥ 9,
x+y
the expression _____ can have which of the following
y

values?
F
...
__
9

14_
H
...


5

K
...
Given the functions f (x) = x 2 + 1 and g(x) = x − 3,
which of the following expressions is f _g(x)+ ?
A
...

C
...

E
...


2

2

4x − y
42
...


_2_
3

G
...


_7_
3

J
...


2

7_
K
...
Juro traveled to 3 locations during a workday
...

The graph below shows the relationship between time,
in hours, into his workday and total distance, in
kilometers, traveled
...

B
...

D
...


45
57
60
75
94

44
...


1

G
...
6
J
...
_3_
2

ACT-E23

25

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


45
...
___
w2
4w___
+ 2_
B
...
_______2
w+w
6_
D
...
__
w3

46
...
Let D, E, and F represent the digits in
the hundreds, tens, and ones places, respectively, of a
different 3-digit whole number
...
Which of
the following inequalities must be true?
F
...

H
...

K
...
A number line graph includes the points at real
numbers a and b, as shown below
...
−1 < ab < a
B
...
0 < ab < b
D
...
1 < ab < 2

48
...
Each of the 3  test scores is
weighted as 20% of the course grade, and the final
exam score is weighted as 40% of the course grade
...

What is the minimum score that Sani will have to earn
on the final exam in order to receive a course grade of
at least 86 ?
F
...
84
H
...
92
K
...


2

2
DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
The triangle below has vertices A(−1,−2), B(2,2), and
C(−1,4)
...
09
B
...
18
D
...
3√••
13
50
...
Therefore x is:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...

K
...

51
...
What are the coordinates
of point C ?
y

x

O

B(8,−1)
A(2,−4)
A
...

C
...

E
...
A wire binds 4  identical posts together as shown
below
...
What is the
length, to the nearest inch, of the shortest wire that will
go around the 4 posts without overlap?
r = 3 in
F
...

H
...

K
...


2

2

−1 , the product of
53
...
00i
B
...
3bi
D
...
3 − bi

DO YOUR FIGURING HERE
...
For positive integers x and  y where x < 8, logx,8 = y
...
1
G
...
3
J
...
8

55
...
One of the following values is the
ratio of the shaded area to the unshaded area
...


_3_
7

3_
B
...
__
13

7_
D
...
__
28

56
...


24
√•x••

5
G
...


5 •
12
√
x••

J
...
åx

ACT-E23

28

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


57
...
75 in
U
...
currency, and 1  Canadian dollar ($1) could be
exchanged for $0
...
S
...
On that day,
how much Canadian currency, rounded to the nearest
Canadian cent, could be exchanged for £2 ?
A
...
41
B
...
84
C
...
07
D
...
06
E
...
98
58
...
The measure of the smallest
angle of the triangle is a solution for A to which of the
following equations?
F
...

H
...

K
...
Set A and Set B each consist of 5  distinct numbers
...
The number with the least value in Set B is greater
than the number with the least value in Set A
...
Mean only
B
...
Range only
D
...
Mean, median, and range
60
...
Thalia will rent 3 of
these cars, chosen at random, for business associates
...


_1_
3

1_
G
...
__
16

J
...
__
80

END OF TEST 2
STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO
...

ACT-E23

29

3

3
READING TEST
35 Minutes—40 Questions
DIRECTIONS: There  are  several  passages  in  this  test
...

After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each
question  and  fill  in  the  corresponding  oval  on  your
answer  document
...


Passage I
LITERARY NARRATIVE: Passage A is adapted from the autobiography  A Peculiar Treasure by  Edna  Ferber  (©1960  by
Morris  L
...
,  Trustees)
...


40

Passage B by Dan Barry

Passage A by Edna Ferber

5

10

15

20

25

The printing shop and pressroom were separated
from the front office only by a doorway, and the door
never was closed
...
The
front room is its head, but without the back room it
could not function or even live
...
Mac, who
ruled this domain, was the perfect example of the fictional printer
...
But his eye was infallible, and few if any
shrdlus and etaoins marred the fair sequence of Mac’s
copy
...
Mac seldom talked but sometimes—rarely—he
appeared in the front office, a drooping figure, with a
piece of news by which he had come in some devious
way
...
It always proved to be a
bombshell
...
It all sounds slightly sentimental and silly,
but it’s true—or it was, at least, in my newspaper experience
...
The building smelled of ink, spilled and bled
...
Car
mechanics know their smell, as do fishermen and hair
stylists, nurses and short-order cooks
...
You
smell of it
...
It smelled of words
and phrases, rants and ideas, sports scores and felony
arrests, announcements of marriage and notices of
death
...
In a squat concrete
building, no different from all the others in a drab Connecticut industrial park, I was experiencing a moment
of revelation—an epiphany, really, at the age of
twenty-five
...


Such was the make-up of the Appleton, Wisconsin,
Daily Crescent office
...
“I was
once a newspaper man myself” has come to be a fun
phrase
...


75

Pinned like a manifesto to a bulletin board in the
center of this ink-perfumed building was a typewritten
note from my new employer, announcing that on this
day, October 17, 1983, I would begin working as a
reporter for a daily newspaper
...
His writing has
appeared in the Daily News, the New York Times and
the Rocky Mountain News
...
Please
make him feel relevant
...


30

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
The internship
at the Daily News had ended, the graduate degree from
NYU had been shoved in a drawer, and I had returned
to living beside the sump pump in my parents’ basement
...


Questions 5–7 ask about Passage B
...
What is the epiphany the narrator of Passage B experienced at the age of twenty-five?
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...

6
...
mildly sarcastic
...
overtly solemn
...
blatantly apologetic
...
particularly optimistic
...
The last sentence of Passage B mainly serves to indicate that the narrator:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


Questions 1–4 ask about Passage A
...
It can reasonably be inferred that Passage A is narrated
from the point of view of someone who:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


Questions 8–10 ask about both passages
...
Compared to the description of the newspaper office
mentioned in Passage A, the description of the newspaper office mentioned in Passage B provides less
information about the:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


2
...
more tedious
...
equally critical
...
equally chaotic
...
less regulated
...
The narrator of Passage A most nearly characterizes
Mac as both:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


9
...
technical jargon
...
dialogue
...
formal diction
...
figurative language
...
According to the narrator of Passage A, Mac would
occasionally appear in the front office in order to:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


10
...
The narrator of Passage A only
G
...
Both narrators
J
...


3

3

Passage II
SOCIAL SCIENCE: This  passage  is  adapted  from  the  book
Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science—from
the Babylonians to the Maya by  Dick  Teresi  (©2002  by  Dick
Teresi)
...
” Zero, he said, marked a
“turning point” in math, science, and industry
...
Negative
numbers followed soon thereafter
...

Europe, says Dantzig, did not accept zero as a number
until the twelfth or thirteenth century
...
He sees zero’s
invention appearing on an Indian’s counting board in,
say, the first or second century A
...
The Indian counting board had columns for the ones, tens, hundreds,
thousands, and so on
...

On one fateful day, as Dantzig sees it, an unknown
Indian drew an oval in the second column
...
” Sunyata, an important
concept in Buddhism, is often translated as “emptiness”
or “void
...
Thus, the Babylonians called a king’s
first year the accession year
...
The accession year was a kind of year 0
...

The contemporary mathematician who has conducted the most rigorous research on nothing is Robert
Kaplan, the author of The Nothing That Is: A Natural
History of Zero
...
”
Kaplan traces the roots of zero to Sumer and
Babylonia
...
The Babylonians, far ahead of
the Romans and Greeks to come, imposed a positional
notation on the old Sumerian sexagesimal system
...


85

Somewhere between the sixth and third centuries
the Babylonians began using two slanted tacklike
symbols to insert in the empty columns
...
However, the
Babylonians used their “zero” only in the middle of
numbers, never at the end
...


90

Kaplan argues that when Alexander invaded the
Babylonian empire in 331 B
...
, he hauled off zero along
with the gold
...


B
...
,
80

The Arabs turned sunya into sifr (“empty” in
Arabic), which became zephirum in Italy, and eventually zero
...
In other words, it took
over a thousand years for Western civilization to accept
a number for “nothing
...

“The concrete mind of the ancient Greeks could not
conceive the void as a number, let alone endow the void
with a symbol
...
You
don’t want to hear the long version, so let’s suffice with
a medium-sized tale
...
It was
an unnamed, unwritten force
...


11
...
wrote zero using tacklike symbols
...
referred to their rulers’ first year in power as the
accession year
...
derived their names for zero from their respective
religions
...
used a symbol for zero in the middle of numbers
...
S
...
“There has never been a system of
recording reigns, dynasties, or eras,” the library states,
“that did not designate its first year as the year 1
...

The Babylonians had no zero, but they knew something was wrong
...


3

3

12
...
a factual account from a document Dantzig
discovered
...
a factual account from ancient Indian writings
...
Dantzig’s theory of how a historic invention
occurred
...
Kaplan’s theory of how a historic invention
occurred
...
The passage author most clearly indicates that he
thinks his readers wouldn’t be interested in hearing:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


18
...
had far-reaching effects on mathematics
...
existed long before it was articulated
...
had been developed and then forgotten
...
was initially rejected by mathematicians
...
According to the passage, the Maya invented zero at
about the same time as:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...

14
...
unfortunate
...
momentous
...
ominous
...
foretold
...
According to the passage, in Germany, the word for
zero became:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


19
...
arguing that undiscovered civilizations may have
had years 0
...
citing an expert who disagrees with the statement
...
suggesting that the Library of Congress’s research
is authoritative
...
providing an example that contradicts the statement
...
In the passage, Dantzig criticizes the ancient Greeks
because he thinks they:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


20
...
interesting
...
speculative
...
thorough
...
admired
...


3

3

Passage III
HUMANITIES: This  passage  is  adapted  from  I’ll Take You
There: Mavis Staples, The Staples Singers, and the March Up
Freedom’s Highway by Greg Kot (©2014 by Greg Kot)
...
With an
improbably deep voice bursting out of a diminutive
five-foot frame, she projected the deepest commitment
to whatever she was singing, losing herself in every
word as though reliving a critical moment in her personal story
...
So, too, was the unspoken communication
between Mavis and her siblings, the way they harmonized with her, even the way they clapped hands
together, a high-speed ripple that approximated an
entire percussion section by itself
...
”
But Al Bell never forgot the day in Arkansas when
the teenage Mavis’s voice bowled him over and left him
in tears in what was essentially a solo performance of
“On My Way to Heaven” during a Staples Singers
show
...
“I wanted to
record Pops and Mavis as solo artists
...
I
would hear Pops sitting around and just playing his
guitar at Stax Records and I thought, ‘I’ve got to get
this man down on tape
...
With Mavis I
saw no boundaries at all—I saw her walking past all of
them
...
Part of this was by design—Mavis enjoyed
singing with her family and preferred to melt into the
group
...
“I loved singing those baritone harmonies, I always thought that was the best job
you could have,” Mavis said
...
Little had changed in
the decades since, even as it was apparent that Mavis
had star power
...
“From a very early age she grew
up singing harmony or singing lead in a group with four
voices and her father’s guitar
...
It’s
a very different approach
...

“The attitude at Stax was that she’s a superstar
who nobody really knows about, and we have to figure
out how to get her out there,” Cropper recalls
...
There
were only certain songs she would try
...
So I approached the whole
thing with kid gloves
...
”
Cropper found Pops a thoughtful and willing collaborator in the studio, but there was no question his
word still counted more than anyone else’s in the
family, even though his children were well into adulthood
...
“There were lines he didn’t want to cross
when it came to his family’s well-being, and that
included what kind of songs they would sing, what
message they would put out
...
Whereas her
first attempt at cutting a solo single, a cover of “Crying
in the Chapel” for Epic Records, had some tenuous religious imagery, the tracks chosen for the Mavis Staples
solo album were the sort of pop-oriented love and relationship songs that Pops typically shunned
...
She swooned over Sam
Cooke’s “You Send Me” the first time she heard it, and
her cover of it on her debut album sounds wistful, as if
she were singing both to a newfound love and Cooke’s
memory
...
The main purpose of the passage is to:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


34

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
It can most reasonably be inferred from the passage
that Mavis Staples’s relative anonymity in the ’60s was
puzzling to her fans mainly because she had a:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


26
...
tolerant
...
resentful
...
protective
...
ambivalent
...
As it is used in line  5, the phrase losing herself most
nearly refers to the way Mavis Staples:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


23
...
The Staples Singers had perfected their harmonies
...
Mavis Staples did not initially desire a solo career
...
Female singers in the ’60s usually performed solo
...
Mavis Staples had planned her career trajectory at
a young age
...
According to the passage, what event led directly to
Mavis Staples becoming the lead singer of the Staples
Singers?
F
...
Cleedi Staples learning the guitar
H
...
Mavis Staples’s voice becoming deeper

24
...
clarify how each member of the Staples Singers
contributed to creating the group’s unique sound
...
show that change was difficult for Mavis Staples
because of her musical connection with her family
...
explain that Pops Staples chose the songs his
family sang during concerts
...
describe the performance style of the Staples
Singers
...
Based on the passage, Bell’s reaction to hearing Mavis
Staples’s performance of “On My Way to Heaven” can
most nearly be described as one of:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


25
...
Cropper brought the Staples Singers success by
pushing them to try genres outside of their usual
repertoire
...
Cropper was careful about how he encouraged
Mavis Staples to explore new opportunities with
her music
...
Stax Records was innovative because they took
risks by signing unknown singers
...
Mavis Staples was initially unwilling to perform
without backup singers
...
The passage indicates that, compared to the songs traditionally chosen by the Staples Singers, the songs
chosen for Mavis Staples’s first solo album were:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


35

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...


5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

There are a number of fungi that live in mutualist
relationships in which a balance of interests occurs
between two organisms
...

And there are also commensal relationships, where the
fungus may not be doing the host any good or any
harm, either—the raison d’être of some yeasts in our
body, for example, is unknown and may be commensal
...

“Fungi can’t make their own food,” said Gary Lincoff
...
”

65

70

Ninety percent of natural land plants are thought
to have mycorrhizal fungi partners
...
The
fungus needs sugar for energy and to launch its spores,
and the tree needs nutrients because (despite what I
learned in school) tree roots don’t do the job adequately
...

While tree roots will absorb moisture if watered and
nutrients if fertilized, it is the mycorrhizal fungus growing on and in the tree roots that provides the tree with
the lion’s share of its nutrition and water
...


75

80

85

In the wild, mycorrhizal fungi are key to not just
the health of single trees but to healthy forest ecosystems
...
And multiple fungi can colonize the
roots of all or most of the trees in a forest
...
The mycologist
Paul Stamets believes that mycorrhizal fungi function
as a giant communications network between multiple
trees in a forest—he calls it “nature’s Internet
...
”

Despite the fact that fungi are microscopic organisms, the functions they perform are often on an ecosystem or landscape scale
...
It’s like a stratum of life between the duff and the soil that holds
water and nutrients in the ground
...
In fact,
ecosystems with inadequate mycorrhizal fungi can
experience catastrophic losses of plant biomass
...
The main purpose of the passage is to:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


Weaker plants are able to tap into this network,
too, like hitchhikers on a nutritional superhighway
...
This network exists to benefit not only established trees and
seedlings of the same species but also trees from different species, and at different stages of development
...
It’s a couture service
...
“Like spokes of a wheel,” said
Suzanne Simard, a professor of forestry at the University of British Columbia who studies mycorrhizae
...
That’s because
the largest trees have the greatest root system, and the
more roots there are, the more real estate there is for the
fungus to colonize
...
(By individuals, she means two
genetically distinct fungal entities
...
” Parasites like the
Indian pipe depend totally on mycorrhizal fungi for its
nutritive needs
...


32
...
about the same
...
much larger
...
much smaller
...
somewhat smaller
...


3

3

33
...
networks of fungi benefit different species of trees
at various levels of development
...
young seedlings typically tap into the roots of
trees that are the same species as the seedlings
...
established trees genetically alter fungal networks
to benefit different species of trees
...
different species of trees can be identified based
on their nutritional uptake
...
As it is used in line 44, the phrase tap into most nearly
means:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...

38
...
struggling to grow in an established tree’s shadow
...
trying to defend themselves against parasites
...
in need of a specific nutrient that is unused by
established trees
...
susceptible to a wider range of diseases than established trees are
...
The author uses the metaphor of an express stop in a
subway system in order to:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


39
...
absolute
...
about the same as its dependence on nonphotosynthesizing plants
...
less than its dependence on nonphotosynthesizing
plants
...
uncertain
...
In the passage, the relationship between yeast and the
human body is cited as an example of a:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


40
...
Over a three-year span, two forests with different
tree types increase the amount of mycorrhizal
mycelium at the same rate
...
Over a three-year span, two forests with the same
amount of mycorrhizal mycelium both lost the
majority of their plant biomass
...
During a given year, after the majority of mycorrhizal mycelium dies in a forest, the plants in the
forests flourish
...
During a given year, after the majority of mycorrhizal mycelium dies in a forest, the plants in the
forests suffer
...
The author most likely includes the quote from Lincoff
(lines 10–12) to:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


END OF TEST 3
STOP! DO NOT TURN THE PAGE UNTIL TOLD TO DO SO
...


ACT-E23

37

4

4
SCIENCE TEST
35 Minutes—40 Questions
DIRECTIONS: There are several passages in this test
...
After
reading a passage, choose the best answer to each
question and fill in the corresponding oval on your
answer document
...

You are NOT permitted to use a calculator on this test
...
86 × m × i
where m is the concentration of the solute in moles of
solute per kilogram of H2O (mol/kg H2O) and i is the average number of particles produced by 1 formula unit of the
solute when the formula unit dissolves in H2O
...
Table 1 gives, for 4 ionic compounds, the chemical
formula and the theoretical i value
...


Concentration
of aqueous
solution
(mol/kg H2O)

Observed i value at 25°C for:
NaCl

KCl

MgCl2

(NH4 )2SO4

0
...
2
0
...
4
0
...
6
0
...
8
0
...
0
2
...
87
1
...
84
1
...
84
1
...
85
1
...
86
1
...
97

1
...
83
1
...
80
1
...
80
1
...
79
1
...
80
1
...
58
2
...
68
2
...
84
2
...
01
3
...
21
3
...
57

2
...
19
2
...
07
2
...
00
1
...
96
1
...
92
1
...
A
...
’ ” ©1969 by
American Meteorological Society
...


4

4

1
...
6 mol/kg H2O solution of (NH4 )2SO4 ?
A
...
97
B
...
00
C
...
03
D
...
92

5
...
Which of these substances would be
classified as a solvent in the solutions represented in
Table 2 ?
A
...
Water only
C
...
Water, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium chloride, and ammonium sulfate

2
...
50 at all the concentrations listed?
F
...
NaCl, KCl, and (NH4 )2SO4 only
H
...
NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 , and (NH4 )2SO4
3
...
0
...
0
...
0
...
2
...
Sucrose (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) is a molecular compound and
remains intact when it dissolves in water
...
Less; the theoretical i value for C12H22O11 is most
likely 1
...
Less; the theoretical i value for C12H22O11 is most
likely 4 or greater
...
Greater; the theoretical i  value for C 12H 22O 11 is
most likely 1
...
Greater; the theoretical i  value for C 12H 22O 11 is
most likely 4 or greater
...
Based on Tables  1 and 2, which ionic compound has
the largest deviation from its theoretical i value at a
concentration of 2
...
NaCl
G
...
MgCl2
J
...


4

4

Passage II

7
...
increased only
...
decreased only
...
increased and then decreased
...
decreased and then increased
...
These antibioticresistant bacteria may have a different relative fitness (a
measure of survival and reproductive success) than E
...
Scientists conducted a study to determine the relative fitness of 5 E
...

The effect of the mutation in each of Strains W−Z is listed
in Table 2
...
Based on Table 1, if Strain X had been exposed for
24 hr to a streptomycin concentration of 3 μg/mL, its
relative fitness would most likely have been:
F
...
5
...
between 0
...
8
...
between 0
...
9
...
greater than 0
...


Table 1
Relative fitness of E
...
0
1
...
9
0
...
0

0
...
3
0
...
8
0
...
0
0
...
5
0
...
9

0
...
0
0
...
5
0
...
0
0
...
0
0
...
5

9
...
coli cells,
Strain X cells move streptomycin:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


*micrograms per milliliter
Note: A relative fitness of 0
...

Table 1 adapted from Viktória Lázár et al
...
” ©2013 by EMBO and Macmillan Publishers Limited
...
Suppose an equal number of Strain W cells and
Strain X cells were exposed for 24 hr to a streptomycin
concentration of 2 μg/mL
...
Strain W; Strain W had a relative fitness of 0
...
8
...
Strain W; Strain W had a relative fitness of 1
...
9
...
Strain X; Strain X had a relative fitness of 0
...
3
...
Strain X; Strain X had a relative fitness of 0
...
2
...


4

4

11
...
According to Table 1, what was the relative fitness of this strain when it was exposed for 24 hr
to a streptomycin concentration of 4 μg/mL ?
A
...
0
B
...
1
C
...
5
D
...
7

ACT-E23

12
...
0
...
Strain U; 0 μg/mL
G
...
Strain Z; 0 μg/mL
J
...


4

4

Passage III

Steps 1−6 were repeated 2 more times, except that the box
was maintained at temperatures of 30°C and 50°C, respectively
...


Antimony trioxide (Sb 2O 3 ) is a chemical compound
that is used as a flame retardant in manufacturing plastic
bottles made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)
...
Two experiments were performed to study the absorption of Sb 3+
by water stored in clear plastic bottles made of PET
...
The bottle was placed into a box that was maintained at
10°C
...


7

14
reuse number

21

28

Figure 1
Experiment 2
The procedure in Experiment 1 was repeated, except
that in Step 2, the lightbulb inside the box was one that
emitted only visible light
...

concentration of Sb3+ (ng/L)

box
(front is not shown)

bottle of H2O

diagram
3
...
0 mL sample of water was removed
...


350
50°C

300

30°C

250
200

10°C

150
100
50
0
0

4
...


7

14
reuse number

21

28

Figure 2

5
...
0 L of pure
water and sealed
...
  S
...
  C
...
  P
...
” ©2011 by Elsevier, B
...


6
...


ACT-E23

30°C

350

0

1
...
0 L of pure
water and sealed
...


4

4

13
...
07
B
...
29
D
...
The substance composing the bottles tested in the experiments is best classified as which of the following?
A
...
Polymer
C
...
Salt

14
...
At that
reuse number, the approximate concentration of Sb3+ in
the water would have been:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


18
...
At a reuse number of 21, the Sb3+ concentration would most likely have been between:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


15
...
This concentration of Sb3+ is how many times as great as the concentration of Sb3+ in water stored at 50°C in a bottle that
was reused 21 times in Experiment 2 ?
A
...
03
C
...
30

19
...

more
more
B
...

less
more
D
...
Which set of experimental conditions resulted in an
Sb 3+ concentration of 140 ng/L in water stored in a
bottle that had been reused 14 times?
F
...
10°C, visible light
H
...
30°C, visible light

ACT-E23

43

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
A supporter of Hypothesis 1 and a supporter of
Hypothesis 2 would be likely to agree that, during the
early Earth period, magma from beneath Earth’s crust
contained:
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


Introduction
During the early Earth period (the first 2 billion years
after Earth formed), the Sun produced only about 70% of
the light and heat that it does today
...
However, geologic evidence indicates that a large amount of liquid water
was present on the surface
...


21
...
Based on Hypothesis 2, the atmospheric CO 2
concentration on early Earth was most likely closest to
which of the following values?
A
...
015,800 ppm
C
...
197,500 ppm

Hypothesis 1
During the early Earth period, volcanic eruptions
released both CO2 and NH3 into the atmosphere
...
Compared with atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations at present day, those on early Earth were considerably greater: the CO2 concentration was about 100 times
as great, the NH3 concentration was about 20 times as great,
and the CH4 concentration was about 1,000 times as great
...


22
...
Hypothesis 1 only
G
...
Both Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2
J
...
In regard to the source of CH4 in early Earth’s atmosphere, which of the following statements describes a
difference between Hypothesis 1 and Hypothesis 2  ?
According to Hypothesis 1, CH4 was:
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


Hypothesis 2
The only source of atmospheric CO2 , NH3 , and CH4
on early Earth was volcanic eruptions
...
The CH4 concentration
was about the same as its present value
...
However, atmospheric concentrations
of both nitrogen (N 2 ) and H 2 were approximately twice
what they are today
...


ACT-E23

44

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
The metabolism of the microbes referred to in Hypothesis 1 is most likely represented by which of the following balanced chemical equations?
F
...

H
...


26
...
This
information would weaken which of the hypotheses, if
either?
F
...
Hypothesis 2 only
H
...
Neither Hypothesis 1 nor Hypothesis 2

CO2 + 4H2 → CH4 + 2H2O
CO2 + 2H2O → CH4 + 2O2
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
CH4 + 2H2O → CO2 + 4H2

25
...
Evidence that 4 billion years ago the concentration
of CO2 was 20 times the present concentration
B
...
3
...
3
...


4

4

Passage V

Study 2
The students measured F for a fluid having an η of
1
...
00 m, but different R (see Table 2)
...
Students performed 3 studies of viscous
fluid flow using the experimental setup shown in Figure 1
below
...
00
2
...
00
4
...
00

0,001
...
50
0,15900,
0,50400,
1,23000,

Study 3
The students measured F for a fluid having an η of
1
...
00 mm, but different D (see Table 3)
...
The
fluid had a viscosity η; the tube had a radius R and was
fitted with 2 pressure gauges, Gauge G and Gauge H, that
were a distance D apart
...
(A kilopascal, kPa, is a unit of pressure, which is defined as force per unit area
...


Table 3

Study 1
The students measured F for various fluids, each
having a different η, that flowed, one at a time, through a
tube having an R of 5
...
00 m (see
Table 1)
...
50
1
...
50
2
...
50

2,460
1,230
0,820
0,615
0,492

Table 1
η (10−3 Pa·sec*)

F (mL/sec)

1
...
00
3
...
00
5
...
Suppose that a sixth trial had been performed in
Study 1 for which the fluid’s flow rate had equaled
920 mL/sec
...
less than 1
...

B
...
00 × 10−3 Pa·sec and 2
...

C
...
00 × 10−3 Pa·sec and 3
...

D
...
00 × 10−3 Pa·sec
...


4

4

28
...
R and F
G
...
η and D
J
...
The viscosity of each fluid investigated in the studies
resulted from which of the following types of inter action between parts of the fluid?
A
...
Combustion
C
...
Gravity

29
...
095 kPa
B
...
105 kPa
D
...
In Study 3, when D was equal to 2
...
25,000 mL
G
...
37,000 mL
J
...
Based on the information given, in what direction was
the fluid flowing?
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


ACT-E23

33
...
What
was the pressure gradient between Gauges G and H
during Study 1 ?
A
...
1 kPa/m
C
...
1 kPa/mm

47

GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
...
Scientists
investigated whether the negative effects are countered by
adding to the soil either a species of bacteria (Species R) or
a mixture of proteins from marine algae (PMA)
...
5 L of H2O containing 9
...
5 L of H2O containing Species R and
9
...
5 L of H2O containing PMA and
9
...
8
5
...
0
5
...
0
0
...
2
0
...
1
4
...
0
5
...
8
4
...
6
4
...
5 L of H2O

Group 2

Study 2
An additional 240 of the 2 L pots were prepared,
treated, and irrigated as in Study 1
...
Each pot was then irrigated as in Study 1 for an additional 75 days
...


Table 1

1

Group 1

3
5
7
9

Study 1
First, 240 identical 2 L pots were each filled with
1
...
Next, 5 wheat seeds were planted in
each pot, and the pots were divided equally into 4 groups
(Groups 1−4)
...


Group

Average number of seeds germinated per pot

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1

Note: The addition of 9
...


2

3

4

Group
Figure 1

After treatment, each pot was irrigated once every
3 days with either 0
...
5 L of
H2O containing 9
...
The average
number of seeds germinated per pot was then determined
for each group at 3, 5, 7, and 9 days after treatment (see
Table 2)
...
, “Restoration of Growth of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum var
...
” ©2010 by Springer Science and Business Media,
LLC
...


4

4

34
...
increased only
...
decreased only
...
increased and then remained constant
...
decreased and then remained constant
...
Consider the statement “Treatment with Species R was
more effective at promoting seed germination in soil
with a higher-than-normal NaCl concentration than
was treatment with PMA
...
Yes; on each of those days, the average number of
seeds germinated per pot was greater for Group 3
than for Group 4
...
Yes; on each of those days, the average number of
seeds germinated per pot was greater for Group 4
than for Group 3
...
No; on each of those days, the average number of
seeds germinated per pot was greater for Group 3
than for Group 4
...
No; on each of those days, the average number of
seeds germinated per pot was greater for Group 4
than for Group 3
...
Based on the results of Study 2, how many of the
groups had an average plant height greater than
1 meter ?
A
...
1
C
...
4

39
...
Based on the results of Study 1, x is
given by which of the following expressions?
A
...
3 ≤ x < 5
C
...
x > 7

36
...
What action was
taken in Study 2 to prevent competition among the
plants?
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


40
...
” Do the results of Study 2 support
this statement?
F
...

G
...

H
...

J
...


37
...
” Can this claim be
evaluated on the basis of the results of Study 2 ?
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...


END OF TEST 4
STOP! DO NOT RETURN TO ANY OTHER TEST
...
Mark a “1” in the
blank for each question you answered correctly
...
Also enter the total number correct for each test
in the blanks provided
...


Test 1: English—Scoring Key
Reporting
Category*

Reporting
Category*

Key POW KLA CSE
1
...

3
...

5
...

7
...

9
...

11
...

13
...

15
...

17
...

19
...

21
...

23
...

25
...

27
...

29
...

31
...

33
...

35
...

37
...


D
J
C
F
A
F
C
J
C
F
B
F
B
H
B
J
C
J
B
H
A
H
A
H
D
F
B
J
D
G
A
G
C
J
D
J
C
F

___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Key POW KLA CSE
39
...

41
...

43
...

45
...

47
...

49
...

51
...

53
...

55
...

57
...

59
...

61
...

63
...

65
...

67
...

69
...

71
...

73
...

75
...

32
...

34
...

36
...

38
...

40
...

42
...

44
...

46
...

48
...

50
...

52
...

54
...

56
...

58
...

60
...

2
...

4
...

6
...

8
...

10
...

12
...

14
...

16
...

18
...

20
...

22
...

24
...

26
...

28
...

30
...


*Reporting Categories
PHM = Preparing for Higher Math
N = Number & Quantity
A = Algebra
F = Functions
G = Geometry
S = Statistics & Probability
IES = Integrating Essential Skills
MDL = Modeling

Number Correct (Raw Score) for:
Preparing for Higher Math (PHM)
(N + A + F + G + S)

_______
(35)

Integrating Essential Skills (IES)
_______
(25)
Total Number Correct for Mathematics Test
(PHM + IES)

_______
(60)

Modeling (MDL)
(Not included in total number correct for
mathematics test raw score)

_______
(23)

51

Test 3: Reading—Scoring Key
Reporting
Category*
Key KID
1
...

3
...

5
...

7
...

9
...

11
...

13
...

15
...

17
...

19
...


A
G
D
J
B
F
C
F
D
H
D
H
A
G
D
F
C
G
D
H

CS

Reporting
Category*

IKI

___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Key KID
21
...

23
...

25
...

27
...

29
...

31
...

33
...

35
...

37
...

39
...


D
J
B
G
B
H
A
H
D
G
B
G
A
H
B
H
D
F
A
H

CS

IKI

*Reporting Categories
KID = Key Ideas & Details
CS = Craft & Structure
IKI = Integration of Knowledge & Ideas

___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Number Correct (Raw Score) for:
___

Key Ideas & Details (KID)
_______
(24)

___
___
___

Craft & Structure (CS)


___
___
___

_______
(11)

Integration of Knowledge & Ideas (IKI) _______

(5)

___
___
___

Total Number Correct for Reading Test _______
(KID + CS + IKI)
(40)

Test 4: Science—Scoring Key
Reporting
Category*
Key IOD
1
...

3
...

5
...

7
...

9
...

11
...

13
...

15
...

17
...

19
...


B
G
C
H
B
F
C
G
D
H
B
F
C
J
C
G
B
J
A
H

SIN

Reporting
Category*

EMI

___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

Key IOD
21
...

23
...

25
...

27
...

29
...

31
...

33
...

35
...

37
...

39
...


B
G
C
F
D
G
B
H
B
F
A
G
A
F
A
J
C
F
C
J

SIN

EMI
___
___
___
___
___
___

*Reporting Categories
IOD = Interpretation of Data
SIN = Scientific Investigation
EMI = Evaluation of Models,
Inferences & Experimental Results

___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___

52

Number Correct (Raw Score) for:
Interpretation of Data (IOD)

Scientific Investigation (SIN)

Evaluation of Models, Inferences &
Experimental Results (EMI)

Total Number Correct for Science Test
(IOD + SIN + EMI)

_______
(18)
_______
(12)
_______
(10)
_______
(40)

Explanation of Procedures Used to Obtain
Scale Scores from Raw Scores
ACT Test E23

On each of the four tests on which you marked any
responses, the total number of correct responses yields a raw
score
...
For each test, locate and circle your raw score or the
range of raw scores that includes it in the table below
...
As you
determine your scale scores, enter them in the blanks provided
on the right
...
The lowest possible scale score for any test on which you
marked any responses is 1
...
To do this, add your four scale scores and divide
the sum by 4
...
(Round down any fraction less
than one-half; round up any fraction that is one-half or more
...
This is your Composite score
...
The lowest
possible Composite score is 1
...
If any test was completely
blank, do not calculate a Composite score

---