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Rooming
Monday, September 21, 2015

10:20

Every Tues : 206B

C3 Page 1

C3 L1 : The Geological Origins Of Britain
Monday, September 21, 2015

09:03

Describe how geologists use magnetic evidence to track the movement of the continents
give examples od evidence that shows different rocks in Britain formed in different climates

Convection

Particles move more when hot
...
Lower density allows the particle
to rise
...
( Convection Current )

The heat in the earth model is provided by -- Nuclear Fission / radioactive decay in the core
-> Continental drift

C3 Page 2

Convection happens in -> Mantle + Outer core
Why do tectonic plates move ?
Fission releasing heat - convection
...


C3 Page 4

C3 L2 : Rocks That Have Provided Wealth For Britain
Tuesday, September 22, 2015

12:36 PM

Rock processes ( conditions when they were formed ) - geology - commercial and industrial uses
Useful / valuable rocks :
• diamonds
• slate
• metamorphic rocks
• marble
• granite
• ruby
• copper / gold / silver ore
• coal
• metal ores

C3 Page 5

C3 L2 : Talcom and Sand
23 September 2015

14:38

C3 L2 Talcom and Sand

C3 Page 6

C3 Page 7

C3 L3 : Methods Of Extracting Salt
23 September 2015

12:49

Economic importance of salt
How salt is obtained
Methods to obtain salt
Uses of salt

In Africa

C3 Page 8

C3 L3 : Salt Extraction Methods
23 September 2015

14:38

C3 L3 Salt Extraction Methods

C3 Page 9

C3 Page 10

C3 L4 : Salt In The Diet
Friday, September 25, 2015

12:42 PM

health implications of too much salt
understand that experts disagree about the risks associated with eating too much salt
Healthy Diet :
• Carbs ( include sugars )
• Veg and fruit
• Natural fats and sugars
• Dairy
• Protein
• Vitamins and minerals
• Water

All in moderation
SALT IN DIET ( Mineral )
*Salts change the blood pressure -> Blockage of the blood flow - Eg
...
2 g salt
20 X 5 = 100 g
0
...
0 g
1
...
1 g salt
3/4 - 75 g / 0
...
13 g -> Low salt
Salt in foods

C3 Page 12

C3 L5 : The Importance Of Alkalis
Friday, September 25, 2015

2:44 PM

Traditional sources and its uses
Recall characteristics of alkaline hydroxides and carbonates
large scale methods
neutralizes acids to make salts

Red - 1 - acid
Green - 7 - neutral
Purple - 10 - green
Acids release hydrogen ions (+) into solution - pH ( Hence the hydrogen )
Alkalis release OH- into solution ( Hydroxide ion )
H+ from acids reacts with OH- from alkalis to form H2O
uses : ( For alkalis )
• Adjusting soil pH
• antacid tablets
• soap and cleaners
• making glass
• dying fabric
• paper production

alkali

dissolve in
water?

pH of the
water

reaction
with acid

pH of acid after
reacting with alkali

Metal
hydroxide
( Calcium
hydroxide )

no

10

no

1 -> 10

Metal
carbonate
( Sodium
carbonate )

yes

10

yes

1-> 7 neutralise

C3 Page 13

reaction with
limewater

cloudy releases CO2

C3 L5 1 : Word Equations
Monday, September 28, 2015

8:49 AM

metal hydroxide + acid -> salt + water
calcium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid -> ( first part - metal ) calcium ( what element- hydrogen is given
off ) chloride + water
metal carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide
sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid -> sodium chloride + water + carbon dioxide

C3 Page 14

C3 L6 : Alkali From Salt
Monday, September 28, 2015

8:57 AM

the processes of making salt into alkali
The Leblanc Process ( inefficient - small product with lots of input )
You need large quantities of alkali :
during the time period needed for cleanliness - agriculture etc
...
( Which has the
same elements as hydrochloric acid ) This led to building and wildlife damage and reactions with solid
waste to release foul smelling hydrogen sulfide
...

• Henry Deacon made chlorine from the gas - hydrogen chloride gas is oxidised
disadvantages of living in Widnes 1895 :
• respiratory problems ( pollution etc
...

• filters out so
used for

• sell it to more
people
• move it to
where it's
needed to be

C3 Page 17

• landfills
• waste

• polyester • can
• clothing
recycle
• plates
• used
• packaging again
• cooking

used for
different
purposes

needed to be
sold/ used

• cooking
• warmth
• decoratio
n
• sports
• leisure

Sustainability = meeting the needs of today without future generations meeting theirs

C3 Page 18

C3 L9 : Life Cycle Assessment
30 September 2015

12:37

Carry out a life cycle assessment
Weigh benefits and costs
Nylon advantages underlined in the
Following table ->- compared to cotton ,
Nylon is actually more environmentally
Friendly
...


Data sheet 2
Fibre production (per kg
product)

Polyester
fibre/fabric

Cotton
fibre/fabric

Energy

97
...
8 MJ

Hydrocarbon feedstock

1
...
2 litres

22 200 litres

CO2 to air

2
...
0 kg

SO2 to air

0
...
0 g

Fabric weaving (per kg
fabric)

Polyester
fibre/fabric*

Cotton
fibre/fabric

Energy

33
...
5 MJ

Water

1291 litres

3900 litres

CO2 to air

1
...
3 kg

SO2 to air

1
...
3 g

Performance during use Polyester
fibre/fabric*

Cotton
fibre/fabric

Weight

105 g/m2

155 g/m2

Shrinkage from 100
washes

3
...
7%

Loss of strength (100
washes)

8
...
0%

Energy per wash†

3
...
4 MJ

Water per wash†

49 litres

49 litres

Energy per tumble dry

Cannot be tumble
dried

12
...
5 MJ

7
...
5 m3

landfill

(CO2 and methane)

C3 Page 20

C3 L10 : Chlorine Chemicals : Benefits and Risks
30 September 2015

14:47

Benefits and risks of the uses of chlorine and chlorine chemicals including the chlorination of water supplies as well
as the manufacture and use of products such as PVC and DDT

Chlorine gas is made - Electrolysis of brine ( sodium chloride in solution )

C3 Page 21



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