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Title: Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease with example case studies
Description: Revision of signs and symptoms of Respiratory Diseases with example case studies. Suitable for medical students.
Description: Revision of signs and symptoms of Respiratory Diseases with example case studies. Suitable for medical students.
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MDS 3002: Respiratory Symptoms and Signs (CG)
Symptoms of Respiratory Disease
Symptoms: cough, sputum, haemoptysis, chest pain, dyspnoea (shortness of breath
SOB), wheeze
-‐ All of these symptoms can occur in the absence of primary respiratory disease
-‐ Chest pain: cardiac, pericardial, oesophageal chest pain
-‐ SOB secondary to pulmonary oedema or LV failure
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Cough
Cough = most frequent symptom
Caused by stimuli arising in the mucosa of the respiratory tract (pharynx à smaller
bronchi)
The frequency, severity and character of cough are dependent on several factors:
-‐ Situation and nature of lesion responsible
-‐ Presence/absence of sputum
-‐ Coexisting abnormalities e
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Vocal Cord paralysis (hoarse cough)
Cough can be: productive (bring up sputum), non-‐productive (dry), nervous (e
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in
anxiety) or bovine (loud barking cough e
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children with flu)
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g pneumonia, infarction
Usually associated with pleural pain
Pleural fiction rub -‐ fluid
Simple investigations for respiratory disease
CXR, SpO2, Arterial blood gas (ABG), PEFR, Sputum studies
Respiratory function tests (spirometry, etc)
EXAMPLE CASE STUDIES
Case 1 = Pleural Effusion
2 month history of SOB; loss of lung – fluid in pleural space: this
compresses the lung
Chest explansion: reduced
Percussion: stony dull
Breath sounds: absent/decreased
Added sounds: none
Vocal resonance: absent/decreased
Vocal resonance: stethoscope on area-‐ ask patient to say ‘99’
Case 2 = Pneumonia
1 week history of SOB; right consolidation of pneumonia (can see
some air); airways filled with lots of mucus
Chest expansion: reduced
Percussion: dull
Breath sounds: bronchial
Added sounds: crackles
Vocal resonance: increased
Case 3 = Left Pneumothorax
Black = PTX (look to see if trachea deviated)
Lots of air in pleural space à hyperresonate
Chest expansion: reduced
Percussion: hyperresonant
Breath sounds: absent/decreased
Added sounds: usually none
Vocal resonance: decreased
Title: Signs and Symptoms of Respiratory Disease with example case studies
Description: Revision of signs and symptoms of Respiratory Diseases with example case studies. Suitable for medical students.
Description: Revision of signs and symptoms of Respiratory Diseases with example case studies. Suitable for medical students.