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Comprehensive Guide to Data Structures and Algorithms

Table of Contents:

1
...
Arrays

3
...
Stacks

5
...
Trees

7
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Sorting Algorithms

9
...
Recursion

11
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Hashing

13
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Arrays:

Arrays are a fundamental data structure that stores a fixed-size sequence of
elements of the same type
...

Example: Suppose you have an array called numbers that stores integers
...


2
...

They allow efficient insertion and deletion at any position, but accessing
elements requires traversing the list from the beginning
...

Traversing the list would involve starting at the head node and following the
next pointers until the end
...
Stacks:

Stacks follow the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle
...
"
Common operations include push (adding an element), pop (removing the top
element), and peek (accessing the top element without removal)
...
The last plate you put on top is the first
one you can remove
...
Queues:

Queues adhere to the First-In-First-Out (FIFO) principle
...

Key operations include enqueue (adding an element), dequeue (removing the front
element), and peek (accessing the front element without removal)
...
The first person who arrives
is the first one to leave the line
...
Trees:

Trees are hierarchical data structures composed of nodes, where each node can
have child nodes
...

Trees can have various forms, such as binary trees (each node has at most two

children) and search trees (maintaining a specific order)
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6
...
They represent
relationships between objects or entities
...
They can
also have weighted edges, indicating a cost or distance
...


7
...

Various sorting algorithms exist, including bubble sort, selection sort,
insertion sort, merge sort, quicksort, and heapsort
...


8
...

Common searching algorithms include linear search, binary search, interpolation
search, and exponential search
...


9
...

Recursive functions have base cases that terminate the recursion and recursive
calls that break down the problem into smaller instances
...


10
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It uses techniques like memoization (storing results of expensive function
calls) and tabulation (filling a table of values) for efficient computation
...


11
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It provides
efficient retrieval and insertion of elements
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Example: Storing a phone book as a hash table, where names are the keys and
corresponding phone numbers are the values
...
Each
concept encompasses more details, algorithms, and
variations that can be explored in depth through dedicated resources on Data
Structures and Algorithms

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