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Title: Cell cycle complete notes
Description: Complete description of cell cycle along with stages of mitosis and meiosis.
Description: Complete description of cell cycle along with stages of mitosis and meiosis.
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chromosome
...
The nuclear membrane reforms around the chromosomes grouped at either pole of the cell,
the chromosomes uncoil and become diffuse, and the spindle fibres disappear
...
In plants a cell plate forms along the line of
the metaphase plate; in animals there is a constriction of the cytoplasm
...
Meiosis
Meiosis is the form of eukaryotic cell division that produces haploid sex cells or gametes
(which contain a single copy of each chromosome) from diploid cells (which contain two
copies of each chromosome)
...
As in mitosis,
meiosis is preceded by a process of DNA replication that converts each chromosome into two
sister chromatids
...
Prophase I
The homologous chromosomes pair and exchange DNA to form recombinant chromosomes
...
Zygotene: homologous chromosomes become closely associated (synapsis) to form pairs of
chromosomes (bivalents) consisting of four chromatids (tetrads)
...
chiasma)
...
Diakinesis: homologous chromosomes continue to separate, and chiasmata move to the ends
of the chromosomes
...
Metaphase I
Homologous pairs of chromosomes (bivalents) arranged as a double row along the metaphase
plate
...
(This is a source of genetic variation through
random assortment, as the paternal and maternal chromosomes in a homologous pair are
similar but not identical
...
Human beings have 23 different chromosomes, so the
number of possible combinations is 223, which is over 8 million
...
Telophase I
The chromosomes become diffuse and the nuclear membrane reforms
...
Meiosis I is a
reduction division: the original diploid cell had two copies of each chromosome; the newly
formed haploid cells have one copy of each chromosome
...
Meiosis generates genetic diversity through:
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I
the random alignment of maternal and paternal chromosomes in Meiosis I
the random alignment of the sister chromatids at Meiosis II
Meiosis in females
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Licence
Title: Cell cycle complete notes
Description: Complete description of cell cycle along with stages of mitosis and meiosis.
Description: Complete description of cell cycle along with stages of mitosis and meiosis.