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BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

Chapter-1 Dynamics of Communication
INDEX
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)

Definition and process
Kinesics
Proxemics
Paralinguistic features
Importance of Interpersonal and
Intercultural Communication in today’s
organizations

(1) What is communication? Explain the process (model) of
communication
...
”
- Martin Luther King
Communication is art
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Many candidates are
selected in interview not just because of their knowledge but because of their soft skills also
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Communication is the act of expressing ideas from one person to another person
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BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

Communication is when information is passed from a sender to a receiver using a medium
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Characteristics of Communication
 Communication is a process, Communication is a two way process which involves; Sender, idea,
Encoding, Channel, Decoding, Receiver, and feedback
 Communication is a continuous process
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 Communication is a two-way process of reaching mutual understanding, in which participants
not only exchange (encode-decode) information but also create and share meaning
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 Communication occurs between people and sometimes animals
 Communication can be verbal/ non-verbal or visual
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 Communication can be effective if practised well
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Process of communication
The communication process consists of several following components
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He intends to convey
the message with the intention of passing information and ideas to others
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(2) Ideas: This is the subject matter of the communication
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This may be an
opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions
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Encoding means
giving meaning to message that is understood by receiver
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Sender
chooses ‘what’s app’ to send message then ‘whats app’ is medium to send message
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The person
who is interested in communicating has to choose the channel for sending the required
information, ideas etc
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(5) Decoding: Decoding means understanding code that sender has given in message
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Decoding is the process of giving
meaning to the encoded message
(6) Receiver: The receiver means person who receives message
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It is the receiver who tries to understand the message in the
best possible manner in achieving the desired objectives
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Feedback is the
receiver's response or reaction to the sender's message
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Conclusion:
Communication is a key element in any human activity
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We all
need to cultivate it
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3

BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

(2) Discuss non-verbal communication with special reference to Kinesics
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Body language is a type of non-verbal
communication in which physical behaviour express or convey information
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Body
language exists in both animals and humans, but here we focuses on interpretations of human
body language
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It is good
to adopt a flexible erect posture rather than a stiff or
slouching posture
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Drooping shoulders, sagging in the seat, etc
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It is relaxed posture it is comfortably seated, relaxed
breathing, no visible stiffness or abrupt movements
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It also
suggest you are happy, you are not worried
Hand on face - A hand over one's mouth is a closed gesture
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It also indicates sadness of his life
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Head
down
suggests guilt, modesty etc
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Facial Expression
Face says many things, you can come to know about
hidden feeling of anger, fear, confusion, uncertainty,
enthusiasm and joy will get revealed by the facial
expression
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Smiling
suggests a very positive sign
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Eye Contact:
Speaker and listener should not only face each
other but also maintain correct eye contact
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If someone avoids direct
eye contact, he is suspected to be sly or cunning
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BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

Gestures:
Gesture means movement of part of the body, especially a hand to express an idea
or meaning
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A “V” sign with
index linger and central finger stands for victory
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A wave of the arm
is for a ‘hello’ or a good-bye
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It also suggests that you are ready
to answer any questions
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It shows that he has nothing to hide
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The other
person might be talking too much or in too much
technical detail
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Holding finger in ring shape indicates that
person is talking about important things
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Person seems to be confident about idea
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He

consider

something

very

important
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It also shows winnigs
felling or confidence to do something
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He wants to teach a lession
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superior often
use this gesture, and, by doing so,they signal their
confident

attitude
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Conclusion:
Body Language is a significant aspect of modern communications and relationships
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BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

(3) Explain Proxemics in brief
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It is communication through maintaining
space
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It is study
of space how we use it, and how it makes feel comfortable and uncomfortable
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Each one of these different zones are used to nonverbally communicate
our feelings to our surroundings
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This same rule is the reason one may feel uncomfortable standing face to face with a
complete stranger on a bus
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We have this space for family members, relatives, friends
etc
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It is used for highly
confidential
talk,
sensitive matter, or
love
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Those who are not comfortable with someone who
approaches them in the intimate zone will experience
a great deal of social discomfort or awkwardness
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It is between18
inches to 4 feet it’s an easy and relaxed space for
talking, shaking hands
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It is
between 4 to 12 feet

Public:
This is the distance that you share with a person giving
a speech or for example, a professor lecturing in class
or Prime Minister Narendra Modi giving speech to
audience
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BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

Cultural Difference
China: Space is much less important in China
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One to two feet is a common distance
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Although Chinese have a very small
personal space, they do not like to be touched within their space
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More touching is common, and walking hand in hand with members of the same sex
is normal
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USA: People keep more open space between themselves and their conversation partners

10

BE, GTU, Sem-3

Subject: ETC

Faculty: Ashok Pandya

(4) Explain Paralanguage (Paralinguistic)

INTRODUCTION
Communication is art
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Para language is part of
communication
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It is study
of voice and how words are spoken
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It includes 1-Quality 2-Volume
3-Speed 4-Intonation 5-Stress 6-Pause 7- pronunciation
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We are able to identify people because of different voice
quality
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VOLUME:
We see people speaking louder as well as lower
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Ex we need loud volume in presentation or in big class
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If teacher is teaching to small group of students then he does not need to
speak loudly
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But if teacher is teaching in big class of
sixty students then he has to speak loudly
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We should not speak too fast and
we should also not speak too slowly
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INTONATION:
Pitch is raising and lowering the voice while speaking
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The most well-known use for English intonation is to communicate basic grammar, such as
the use of a falling pitch on the sentence, "You're coming
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Are you coming?
Are you listening?
Do you like English?
(2) Falling: Falling intonation is used when want to ask ‘WH’ question
Ex
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Stop it, Sit down, Close the door

STRESS:
Stress is emphasis which is given to the syllable
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Stress patterns show you which
parts of a word you should emphasize when you say the word
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holiday,alone, admiration, confidential, degree, weaker, nervous, parents
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It gives enough time to listeners
to understand
...
Ex
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Person can be identified by his pronunciation
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British pronunciation, American pronunciation, Indian pronunciation etc
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Language can be considered as one of the factors that are
responsible for the transmission of culture from one generation to another
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Communication is the act of expressing ideas from one person to
another person
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Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information
between two or more people

Intercultural communication (or crosscultural communication) is a discipline
that studies communication across
different cultures and social groups,
or
how
culture
affects
communication
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In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different countries and
cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them
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Workers should be aware of these aspects
when attempting to build interpersonal relationships
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While Westerners place extreme significance on punctuality, Easterners take a more
flexible approach
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Westerners are seenas detail-oriented and analytical, while Easterners prefer
well-rounded, holistic solutions that benefit the entire group
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The West has longbeen known for conversational openness, but
certain topics are still considered taboo in the East
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Where the country’s business culture is concerned,
diversity is less common
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Time is an asset, as is money, and punctuality is
important
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Criticisms should be
carefully worded, and silence is uncommon during business meetings
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Many people prefer to
meet for lunch, and such meetings should be scheduled right away
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S
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Chinese Corporate Culture
Chinese businesspeople expect contemporaries to be prepared for meetings
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The country’s corporate
culture is hierarchical in nature, and those in charge should enter the room first
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The Chinese like to deliberate over business decisions, and many wait until a time of luck
before making such a decision
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While many of these business etiquette differences seem insignificant, they are extremely
important
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Those doing business in the East place
an enormous value on hierarchy and harmony, and Westerners are more laid back
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