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LIVING WORLD
INTRODUCTION
Simply put, the living world can be described as the world around us
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It has changed over the course of billions of years but the general
composition has remained the same
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Growth, reproduction,
ability to sense the environment and mount a suitable response is unique
features of living organisms
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Growth - All living organisms grow in number and mass
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In plants, growth in
the meristematic area continues throughout life and in animals, it
occurs till a certain age
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2
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Reproduction is required for growth of population and the
survival of a race
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In asexual reproduction, a single parent is involved and individual
is the clone of the parent
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However, no non-living object has the ability to replicate
or reproduce
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Metabolism - The sum of all types of chemical reactions taking place
in an individual because of specific interactions between different
types of molecules in the interior of cells is called metabolism
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are due to metabolism
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can

be

classified

into

anabolism

and

Anabolism comprises all the building up reactions that increase the
mass of an organism like photosynthesis
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4
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External stimuli may be physical,
chemical or biological
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All living organisms prokaryotic to eukaryotic respond to different
kinds of stimuli
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Consciousness plays an important role in determining behavioral
patterns too
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5
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This would involve balancing, temperature, internal pH levels and
water levels
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6
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It differs from organism to
organism and is related to a lot of external factors too
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Locomotion/Movement
Locomotion is a term used to describe a movement of an organism from
one place to another
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The inorganic compounds comprise water and minerals,
whereas, the organic compounds comprise sugars, amino acids, proteins,
fats, etc
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Role of water
The human body is made up of 70-90% water
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Role of oxygen
Oxygen is required during aerobic repiration to produce energy that
is essential for different metabolic activities
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Role of protein
Proteins are long chains of amino acids connected by peptide bonds
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It
can be broken down with the release of energy
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Diversity in the living world
A large variety of anything is known as diversity
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Thomas
Lovejoy introduced the term biological diversity in 1980
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It is the
most complex and important feature of our planet
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The term biodiversity was coined in 1985
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It deals with nature’s variety, the biosphere
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Biodiversity holds ecological and economic significance
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It
also extracts monetary benefits through tourism
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Taxonomy

The study of principles and procedures of classification is termed
taxonomy
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This process of classification is taxonomy
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The science of
naming and classifying organisms is called taxonomy
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Nomenclature
The scientific naming of organisms is known as nomenclature
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The scientific name of mango is written as Mangifera indica
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Each scientific
name has two components – GENERIC NAME+SPECIFIC EPITHET
Rules of Nomenclature
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Latinised names are used
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•

printed in italic, if handwritten then underline separately

•

The first word starts with a capital letter while the species name is
written in small letter

ICBN International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (This is for giving
scientific names to plants)
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Classification
Grouping organisms into categories on the basis of similarities and
differences is known as classification
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for example, we easily recognize groups
such as plants or animals, or Dogs or cats or insects
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classification
avoids confusion among the different varieties of organisms
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CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM ACCORDING TO THE NO OF KINGDOM

Carolus Linneaus (Father of Taxonomy) - He gives the 2 kingdoms system
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Copeland– He gives the 4 kingdom systems
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H Whittaker - He gives the 5 kingdom system and is the popular one
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Taxonomic Hierarchy
Arrangements of various steps (categories or taxa) of classification are
termed a taxonomic hierarchy
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There are
three domains—Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya
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The domain Eukarya contains eukaryotes—organi

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