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Properties Of Structure Of Matter
Introduction:
What is a Mixture?
A mixture is the physical combination of two or more substances in which their
identities are retained and are mixed in the form of solutions, suspensions and
colloids
...

Sieve the
lead
pellets
out of the
whole
mixture

Add water
to a beaker
and mix in
the barium
sulphate
and
magnesiu
m sulphate

The
barium
sulphat
e
dissolve
d in the
water

Use the
filtration
method
to
remove
barium
sulphate
out of the
mixture
The
residue
will be
barium
sulphate

The
remaining
mixture
which is
water and
magnesiu
m
sulphate
can be
separate
d by the
process
of
evaporati
on
technique

Heat up
the
beaker till
all the
water in
the
beaker
evaporat
es
...
The lead pellets being larger in size can be separated from the mixture by a
simple process called sieving


...


...


...
The residue will be barium sulphate and the filtrate magnesium sulphate

...


2
...

What is the Bohr Model?
Bohr model is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting
electrons similar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by
electrostatic forces in place of gravity
...

The orbits are named by an integer, the quantum number n
...


Compare and contrast the two models
The basic difference is that the Bohr model tells us that electrons have fixed paths
while the Schrodinger equation incorporates the Uncertainty principle
...

Bohr

Schrodinger

The electrons are particles that occupy
only curtain orbits of fixed energy
around the nucleus
...


It is not quantum mechanical
...


It tells us that electrons have a fixed
path
...


Bohr's model was a one dimensional
model that used one quantum number
to describe the distribution of electrons
in an atom
...


It shows the electrons moving around
the nucleus as circular orbits
...


4
...


The molecular
compounds are
formed by the
combination of two
or more nonmetals
by sharing their
electrons to
achieve an octet
...


Diamonds which
are made of lattice
structures have a
melting point of
700 degrees
Celsius
...
Inside the
ultra-hot
environment of the
stars, simple
hydrogen and
helium atoms
fused together to
create heavier
elements
...


Covalent
molecular
compounds, in
contrast, consist of
discrete molecules
held together by
weak
intermolecular
forces and can be
gases, liquids, or
solids at room
temperature and
pressure
...

There are some
compounds that
form covalent
lattices, but in this
lesson we will
focus only on
elements that form
covalent lattices
...


Ionic Compounds
have high Melting
as well as Boiling
Points
...


Whilst its cubic
arrangement
makes a diamond
very hard, it is also
somewhat brittle

Metals have the
highest boiling and
melting points
because they have
the strongest
chemical bonds
which are metallic
...
Heat is
measured in units
of energy, so that’s
why the boiling
...


Ionic Compounds
are soluble in
water
...
Examples
of molecular
compounds that
dissolve well in
water are sugar
and ethanol
...

It does not conduct
electricity
...
The
chlorides,
bromides, and
iodides of all
metals except
lead, silver, and
mercury are
soluble in water
...
These
electrons are not
associated with a
single atom or
covalent bond
...

They shatter when
bent or hit
because many
strong ionic bonds
or covalent bonds
break at once
...

They shatter when
bent or hit
because many
strong ionic bonds
or covalent bonds
break at once
...


While most
malleable metals
are also ductile,
the two properties
can be exclusive
...


5
...


resonance structures and violations of
the octet rule odd electron, hypovalent
and hypervalent molecules

allows you to know how it will bond and
how many bonds it will form
...


Molecular structure
Advantages

Disadvantages

This diagram is easy enough to draw
with a computer

Cannot easily measure distances,
angles, etc
...


they can be confusing for larger
molecules
...


It can only represent one conformer,
when we want to consider several

Crystal lattice
Advantages

Disadvantages

it is easier for planes of atoms to slide
by each other if those planes are
closely packed
...


point defects, which are places where
an atom is missing or irregularly placed
in the lattice structure

References:
https://www
...
co
...
html#:~:text=Sodium%20
chloride%20is%20taken%20as,t%20just%20mean%20very%20 large
...
com/academy/lesson/common-elements-that-exist-as-molecules-covale
nt-lattices
...
28/6/2022
https://www
...
co
...
24/6/2022
https://pubmed
...
nlm
...
gov/15629199/ 26/6/2022
https://faculty-web
...
edu/johnsontimoj/CE3101/files3101/silicon_crystal_structur
e
...
nde-ed
...
xhtml 14/6/2022
https://www
...
net/post/Are_there_any_advantages_of_cubic_crystal_stru
cture_of_Silicon_for_its_application_in_Photovoltaics 21/6/2022
https://www
...
com/resources/understanding-3d-printed-lattices-performance
-and-design-considerations/ 18/6/2022
https://qsstudy

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