Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: Biology Summary Notes
Description: This is a summary of Cell Biology, Organization, Infection & Response & Bioenergetics
Description: This is a summary of Cell Biology, Organization, Infection & Response & Bioenergetics
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
BIOLOGY STUDY SUMMARY
Cell Biology, Organisation, Infection & Response & Bioenergetics
What is a cell?
A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently
...
On the other hand,
prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler (generally unicellular organisms) and do not have nuclei, such
as bacteria
...
What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don't?
Plant cells have a permanent vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall, whereas animal cells do not
...
It
can do this because it is selectively permeable
...
What are the function of mitochondria?
The function of mitochondria is to produce ATP (energy) via aerobic respiration
...
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Cytoplasm is the site of chemical reactions (gel-like substance, made from water, sugars, and salts
What is the cell cycle?
The cell cycle is the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
...
How does a cell divide?
1) In a cell that isn't dividing, the DNA is spread out in long strings
...
3) The cell then duplicates its DNA into X-chromosomes
...
5) Then, membranes form around the new sets of chromosomes, forming the nuclei of the new
genetically-identical daughter cells
...
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are coiled up lengths of DNA molecules that are found in the nucleus
...
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, and thus a total of 46 chromosomes
...
What is a nanometer in standard form?
In standard form, a micrometer is 1x10^-9m
...
What is a centimeter in standard form?
In standard form, a centimeter is 1x10^-2m
...
What are the function of chloroplasts?
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, and contain chlorophyll, which is a green pigment that
absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis
...
What is the function of the cell wall?
The cell wall is made from cellulose, and therefore strengthens the cell and keeps it from bursting if too
much water is in the cell due to osmosis
...
What is the average size of a bacterial cell?
The average size of a bacterial cell is between 0
...
5 micrometers
...
What organelles do bacterial cells not have?
Bacterial cells do not have chloroplasts, mitochondria or a nucleus
...
g
...
The
plasmids can be transferred via the pilli to other bacteria (conjugation)
...
However, since they
depend on light, they have a lower resolution than electron microscopes due to the longer wavelength
of light
...
What are the advantages and disadvantages of electron microscopes?
The disadvantages of electron microscopes are that they are expensive and difficult to use
...
When was the electron microscope first used?
The electron microscope was first used in 1933
...
They can also be used to see smaller things, such as
ribosomes and plasmids
...
What are undifferentiated cells called?
Undifferentiated cells are called stem cells
...
How are sperm cells specialised for reproduction?
Sperm cells are specialised for reproduction by their long tail, streamlined head to help them swim to
the egg, by containing lots of mitochondria to provide the energy needed for this process, and by
carrying enzymes to digest through the egg cell membrane in the acrosome (tip of the head)
...
What is another term for nerve cells?
Another term for nerve cells is neurons
...
How are nerve cells specialised for rapid signaling?
Nerve cells are specialised for rapid signaling because they have a long axon to allow the electrical
signals to travel more distance, and are branched at their ends (have dendrites) to connect to other
nerve cells and form a network
...
What is the function of muscle cells?
The function of muscle cells is to be able to contract (shorten) to allow movement of body parts
...
What is the function of root hair cells?
The function of root hair cells is to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil
...
Title: Biology Summary Notes
Description: This is a summary of Cell Biology, Organization, Infection & Response & Bioenergetics
Description: This is a summary of Cell Biology, Organization, Infection & Response & Bioenergetics