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Title: Atomic structure
Description: Structure of atoms, electron shells, orbitals and electron configuration. 1st year chemistry, basic concepts
Description: Structure of atoms, electron shells, orbitals and electron configuration. 1st year chemistry, basic concepts
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Atomic Structure
Very tight nucleus of protons & neutrons
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Diameter ~ 10 000 times smaller than atomic diameter
Electrons are restricted to orbitals
...
- Distinctive shapes
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Shells of orbitals
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Shell 1 – 1 s orbital
Shell 2 – 1 s orbital, 3 p orbitals
Shell 3 – 1 s orbitals, 3 p orbitals, 5 d orbitals
Shell 4 – 1 s orbital
...
Think of shells as energy levels – given the quantum number n
N=1, 2, 3, 4
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Energy of atoms
Shell 1 lowest, shell 4 highest energy
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Electron configurations
An atom is most stable if its e- have the lowest energy possible – locate themselves as close to
nucleus as they can
...
–
Degenerate
Hund’s rule:
Degenerate orbitals are partially filled before any orbital is completely filled
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Moving between orbitals
Electrons only possess specific energies and occupy defined orbitals, but not restricted to always
stay in a particular orbital
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Electron excitation
Electron move between orbitals when an atom absorbs energy
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e- can jump between orbitals of different energy
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Excitation & sight
Retina contains light sensitive pigment – rhodopsin (protein) connected to 11-cis-retinal
...
High-energy radiation has a short wavelength
...
Energy levels & quantization
e- move between orbitals of fixed energy; e- energy is quantized
...
Valence electrons and reactivity
Valence electrons & periodic table
Title: Atomic structure
Description: Structure of atoms, electron shells, orbitals and electron configuration. 1st year chemistry, basic concepts
Description: Structure of atoms, electron shells, orbitals and electron configuration. 1st year chemistry, basic concepts