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Title: Introduction to Postmodernism
Description: University Handy notes, Grab everything (research) in one place.
Description: University Handy notes, Grab everything (research) in one place.
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Introduction to
Postmodernism
Ms
...
• Reaction to modernism; systematic skepticism
• Anti-foundational
POSTMODERNISM
Acceptance of a New Age
What is Postmodernism?
• The Enlightenment project is dead
...
• Jurgen Habermas’ critique of PoMo
POSTMODERNISM
Origins of Postmodernism
• The beginning of the postmodern debate essentially began
in 1979 with the publication of the essay “The Postmodern
Condition” (translated into English in 1983) by French
literary theorist Jean-François Lyotard
...
Important Theorists of Postmodernism
• Ihab Hasan
• Jean-Francois Lyotard
• Frederic Jameson
• Jean Baudrillard
• Jacque Derrida
• Michel Foucault
• Gilles Deleuze & Felix Guattari
• Lynda Hutcheon
Ihab Hassan
• Dismemberment of Orpheus (1971)
• Explain the differences, both concrete
between modernism and postmodernism
...
• Lyotard sees knowledge as being communicated through
narratives, or different ways of interpreting the world
...
• They have a totalizing effect on the culture, reducing it to
universal codes which usurp their local counterparts
POSTMODERNISM
Culture & Capital
Jean-Francois Lyotard
• In a culture driven by grand narratives, the ideology of the
predominant regime essentially has a monopoly on knowledge,
which Lyotard opposes by calling for a new world of knowledge
based on mininarratives
...
• Postmodern culture does away with the hierarchy political and
religious movements seem to enforce
...
• In the essay, Jameson argues that “aesthetic production
today has become integrated into commodity production
generally”
...
POSTMODERNISM
Culture & Capital
Frederick Jameson
• Jameson described the postmodern condition as “a new kind of
flatness, of depthlessness, a new kind of superficiality in the
most literal sense”
...
• “We can no longer represent the historical past; but can only
‘represent’ our ideas and stereotypes about the past”
(Jameson, 2001: 79)
...
Market capitalism: 18th-19th C
...
Monopoly capitalism: Late 19th C to WWII
Electricity and automobile Modernism
3
...
• Influenced by Guy Debord
• Baudrillard is associated with the postmodern “loss of the real
...
• In Simulacra and Simulation (1994), Baudrillard says,
“the distinction between what is real and what is imagined is
continually blurred and meaning is systematically eroded
...
• According to Baudrillard, the world once consisted of signs that
could be associated with their actual referents in reality
...
POSTMODERNISM
Jean Baudrillard
• The postmodern world consists of simulations of reality, or
hyperrealities, wherein signs refer not to an external reality but
to other signs
...
POSTMODERNISM
Jean Baudrillard
• Under the bombardment of images from the dominant media
of popular culture – TV, film and advertising – the real becomes
subordinate to representation
...
• Baudrillard proposes that simulations of reality end up
becoming “more real than the real”
...
Linda Hutcheon
• A Poetics of Postmodernism (1988)
• The Politics of Postmodernism (1989)
• A historiographic metafiction is one where the
always-present blurring of fiction and history in the
historical novel gives way to an explicitness about
fictionality, a self-referential quality, the calling into
question of the factual nature of historical writing,
and the removal of the 'pretence of transparency’
...
• Values are determined by manipulation and
domination
POSTMODERNISM
The Observer is King
Postmodern View of Language
• Observer is a participant/part of what is observed
• Receiver of message is a component of the message
• Information becomes information only when
contextualized
• The individual (the subject) is a cultural construct
• All interpretation is conditioned by cultural perspective
and mediated by symbols and practice
POSTMODERNISM
Play and Parody
Postmodern Literature
• Extreme freedom of form and expression
• Repudiation of boundaries of narration & genre
• Intrusive, self-reflexive author
• Parodies of meta-narratives
• Deliberate violation of standards of sense and
decency (which are viewed as methods of social
control)
• Integration of everyday experience, pop culture
Excerpt
• You are about to begin reading Italo Calvino's new novel, If on a
winter's night a traveler
...
Concentrate
...
Let the world around you fade
...
Tell the others right away, "No, I
don't want to watch TV!" Raise your voice-they won't hear you
otherwise-"I'm reading! I don't want to be disturbed!" Maybe they
haven't heard you, with all that racket; speak louder, yell: "I'm
beginning to read Italo Calvino's new novel!" Or if you prefer, don't
say anything; just hope they'll leave you alone
...
• Create a truly global civilization
Title: Introduction to Postmodernism
Description: University Handy notes, Grab everything (research) in one place.
Description: University Handy notes, Grab everything (research) in one place.