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Title: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Description: These are the notes of thermodynamics for students studying chemical engineering covering the books as mentioned: 1. Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics by Milo. D. Koretsky(2nd Edition) 2. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamic by Yunus. A . Cengel(8th Edition) 3. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by J . M . Smith(7th Edition)
Description: These are the notes of thermodynamics for students studying chemical engineering covering the books as mentioned: 1. Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics by Milo. D. Koretsky(2nd Edition) 2. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamic by Yunus. A . Cengel(8th Edition) 3. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by J . M . Smith(7th Edition)
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1
CH-107
Lecture
2
CHEMICAL
ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS-I
Dr
...
M Smith, 7th Edition
...
• “Thermodynamics, an Engineering
Approch” by Yunus A Cengel
...
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
2
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Lecture Outlines
Zeroth law of Thermodynamics
...
Concept of Internal Energy
...
3
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Zeroth law
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamic
Developed by R
...
Fowler in 1931
...
It provides the basis for the measurement of temperature of a
system
4
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Zeroth law
5
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Zeroth law
It is defined as the act of measuring temperature with
accuracy and precision
...
The sensing element of the device has certain physical
characteristics which change with temperature and this
effect is taken as a measure of temperature
Thermometric Property
A property or physical characteristic which changes its
value as a function of temperature is called thermometric
property
...
Physical Characteristics
A change in dimension, like volume expansion
...
g
...
A change in electrical resistance of the metals and
semiconductors
...
g
...
A change in the intensity and color of emitted radiations
...
Suppose ice and steam point of water can be selected as
reference point in one temperature scale
...
Such as T= Ax+B this is linear relationship
...
8
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Zeroth law
9
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Zeroth law
Thermodynamic Temperature Scale
A temperature scale that is independent of the properties
of substance is known as the Thermodynamic temperature
scale
...
...
8
273
...
15K
Absolute Zero
Triple point of water
-273
...
8
273
...
144 cm3 bar/mole
...
8
273
...
15K
Triple point of water
f (t)= pV=0 0 K
273
...
1ᵡ 10 bar
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
T (K)
12
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Concept Of Work
Work is done when a force „F‟ applied on a object and it
moves the object to a certain distance „l‟
13
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Concept Of Work
Expansion / Compression Work
14
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Concept Of Work
Sign Convention for Work
Work done on the system
...
15
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Path Dependency of Work
Final State,S2
P2
*
*Initial State,S1
P1
V2
V1
16
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Path Dependency of Work
Final State,S2
P2
Final State,S2
*
P2
*Initial
P1
*
*Initial State,S1
P1
State,S1
V2
V1
V2
V1
17
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Path Dependency of Work
18
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Path Dependency of Work
19
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Work On Cyclic Path
Cooling
Heating
Wtotal = W1 – W2
Final State,S2
P2
*
*Initial State,S1
P1
V2
V1
20
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Path Dependency of Work
Final State,S2
P1
Heating
P2
(Process Path 1)
*
Cooling
*Initial State,S1
*
Heating
P2
Cooling
V1
(Process Path 2)
Final State,S2
Cooling
Heating
V2
*Initial State,S1
P1
V2
V1
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
21
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
work
Work On Cyclic Path
Final State,S2
Heating
P1
*
Cooling
P2
Heating
Cooling
*Initial State,S1
Wtotal = W1 – W2
V2
V1
Cooling
Heating
22
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
HEAT (Q)
Heat is a Caloric Fluid (Magical Fluid)
...
Heat is form of energy which transfer across the
boundary of a system and surrounding because of
the temperature difference
...
If heat inters in to the system it is positive / If going
out of the system it is negative
...
Adiabatic Temperature Change
...
Heat is a Path Function, not a state function
...
Path
24
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Heat Capacity
It relates the amount of heat added to the system with temperature
...
Specific heat separates the different materials
...
Const P
Fixed Volume
P,T
V
P
25
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Specific Heat Capacity
On the basis of specific heat value different materials selected
for different applications
...
Low Specific Heat materials
...
26
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Relation Btw Heat & Temperature
V
27
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Relation Btw Heat & Temperature
28
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Problem Specific Heat Capacity
29
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, NEDUET
Heat
Problem Specific Heat Capacity
What do you think!
The values of Cp and Cv for liquid ,solid and gas phase of the materials
are same or not?
30
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I
Title: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics
Description: These are the notes of thermodynamics for students studying chemical engineering covering the books as mentioned: 1. Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics by Milo. D. Koretsky(2nd Edition) 2. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamic by Yunus. A . Cengel(8th Edition) 3. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by J . M . Smith(7th Edition)
Description: These are the notes of thermodynamics for students studying chemical engineering covering the books as mentioned: 1. Engineering and Chemical Thermodynamics by Milo. D. Koretsky(2nd Edition) 2. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamic by Yunus. A . Cengel(8th Edition) 3. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by J . M . Smith(7th Edition)