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Thyroid gland
All vertebrates have thyroid glands
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The two lobes are joined by a thin connective tissue called isthmus
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The thyroid gland is larger in females than in males and may enlarge still more in pregnancy
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Human thyroid gland seen from front
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Recently it has been found that the thyroid gland also produces thyrocalcitonin, a hormone whose
action probably is to decrease blood calcium concentrations
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In cases of hypofunction 20 –30% of the rate of basal metabolism is lowered in warm-blooded animals
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Hypofunction of the thyroid gland also causes a decrease in the sensitivity to stimulus of the peripheral
neuromuscular system, and some changes in the intermediatory metabolism are also evident
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This causes an increased metabolic rate, perhaps even double the normal rate, increased sensitivity,
sweating, flushing, rapid respiration, palpitation, and an increased gastrointestinal activity
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Overactivity of the thyroid or an increase in the
size of the gland produces a disease known as exophthalmic goiter, characterized by the protrusion of
the eyeball
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To prevent goiter, the dietary iodine intake should be about 0
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It is secreted by the thyroid gland; therefore, it is known as thyrocalcitonin
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It acts principally on bone, causing inhibition of bone resorption, therefore its effects are more striking
in young animals
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