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Exam Paper for Innovation and Technology Management
in BBA (With Answers)
PAPER # 1

**Instructions:**
- Answer all questions
...

- Write your answers in the space provided or as instructed
...


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**Section A: Multiple Choice Questions (20 marks)**

Choose the most appropriate answer for each of the following multiple-choice
questions
...
Which of the following best describes innovation in the context of business
management?

a) Continuously doing the same tasks
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c) Developing entirely new products or processes
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2
...


b) To minimize the use of technology to reduce costs
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d) To keep technology secret from competitors
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The "Innovation Funnel" refers to:

a) A process for generating random ideas
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c) A systematic approach to managing the innovation process from idea to
commercialization
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4
...


b) It targets existing, high-end markets
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d) It can lead to the displacement of established competitors
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In the context of technology management, what does the term "technology readiness
level" (TRL) refer to?

3

a) The readiness of an organization to adopt new technologies
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c) The maturity of a specific technology or innovation
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**Section B: Short Answer Questions (30 marks)**

6
...


(Answer in 3-5 sentences)

7
...


(Answer in 3-5 sentences)

8
...
" How can organizations benefit
from participating in such ecosystems?

(Answer in 3-5 sentences)

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**Section C: Essay Questions (50 marks)**

9
...
Provide examples to illustrate your points
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Analyze the challenges and opportunities of implementing Industry 4
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How can a company effectively manage this transition?
(Answer in about 500 words)

PAPER # 2
Sample Complete Exam Paper for Innovation and Technology Management in BBA
Instructions: Answer all questions
...
It
involves the identification and evaluation of new technologies, the development of
business cases for their implementation, and the management of the implementation
process
...



Process innovation: The development of new or improved ways of producing
goods and services
...




Business model innovation: The development of new or improved ways of doing
business
...




Increased customer satisfaction: Innovation can help businesses to meet the
changing needs of their customers by offering them new and improved products,
services, and experiences
...




Reduced costs: Innovation can help businesses to reduce their costs by
developing new and improved processes that are more efficient and effective
...



The risk of failure: Not all innovation initiatives are successful, and businesses
may lose money on investments in new products, services, and processes that
do not succeed
...


Question 5
What is the role of technology management in innovation?
Answer: Technology management plays a critical role in innovation by helping
businesses to:
 Identify and evaluate new technologies

6



Develop business cases for the implementation of new technologies



Manage the implementation process of new technologies



Ensure that the benefits of new technologies are realized

Question 6
Discuss the different stages of the innovation process
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Idea screening: This is the stage where the ideas generated in the first stage are
screened to identify the most promising ones
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Business case development: This is the stage where business cases for the
implementation of the concepts developed in the previous stage are developed
...

Product, service, or process launch: This is the stage where the new products,
services, or processes are launched into the market
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Question 7
What are some of the key factors that influence the success of innovation initiatives?
Answer: Some of the key factors that influence the success of innovation initiatives
include:
 The quality of the ideas


The availability of resources



The support of top management



The involvement of employees



A culture that values innovation



A clear understanding of the customer needs



A well-defined innovation process

Question 8

7

Discuss the role of technology management in risk management
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**1
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disruptive innovation?**

A) Targets existing markets and customers

B) Offers better performance and features

C) Usually originates from smaller or new entrants

D) Often leads to the downfall of established market leaders

**Answer: B) Offers better performance and features**

**3
...
What is the term for the legal protection of inventions or intellectual property?**

A) Copyright

B) Patent

C) Trademark

D) Trade secret

**Answer: B) Patent**

**5
...
Explain the concept of "creative destruction" in the context of innovation and
technology management
...
It refers
to the continuous process of innovation and technological advancement that leads to
the replacement of existing products, services, and business models with newer, more
innovative ones
...
Creative destruction is crucial for economic
progress as it drives innovation, enhances productivity, and creates opportunities for
entrepreneurs to introduce novel solutions that lead to the obsolescence of older ones
...
Define the term "technology roadmap" and explain its significance in managing
technological innovation
...
It serves as a
visual representation of a company's technology strategy, highlighting the timeline for
the adoption, integration, and advancement of key technologies
...

- **Resource Planning:** It helps in allocating resources effectively, including budgets
and human capital, for technology projects
...

- **Innovation Planning:** It facilitates the introduction of new technologies at the right
time, avoiding obsolescence
...


**8
...
(15 marks)**

**Answer:**
The New Product Development (NPD) process consists of three main phases:

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1
...
It often involves various sources, including customer
feedback, employee suggestions, and market research
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2
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Here, detailed design, prototyping, and testing occur
...
This phase also involves developing a marketing strategy and a
business plan for the product
...
**Commercialization:** The final phase involves bringing the product to the market
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The success of the commercialization phase depends on factors
such as timing, effective marketing, and an understanding of the target market
...
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of open innovation for businesses
...


**Advantage 2: Risk Mitigation:** By collaborating with external partners, companies
can share the risks associated with innovation projects, reducing the financial burden of
research and development
...


**Advantage 4: Diverse Perspectives:** External collaborators often bring diverse
viewpoints and approaches, which can lead to more innovative and well-rounded
solutions
...


**Disadvantage 2: Coordination Challenges:** Managing collaborations with various
partners can be complex and may require significant coordination and effort
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**Disadvantage 4: Loss of Control:** Companies may have less control over the
development process when relying on external collaborators, which can be a drawback
in some cases
...
Describe the concept of the "Valley of Death" in the context of technology
commercialization and provide strategies to overcome it
...
It
is characterized by a lack of funding, uncertainty, and the potential for failure
...
**Strategic Partnerships:** Collaborate with industry partners, venture capitalists, or
government agencies to secure funding, expertise, and resources for technology
development
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**Gradual Scaling:** Start with small-scale pilot projects or initial market tests to
reduce risk and gain traction before full-scale commercialization
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**Government Grants and Incentives:** Explore government grants, tax incentives, or
subsidies aimed at supporting innovative projects and reducing financial burdens
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**Venture Capital: Seek investments from venture capitalists who specialize in earlystage technology companies
...
**Diversification of Funding Sources: Consider crowdfunding, angel investors, or
private equity to diversify funding sources and reduce dependence on a single investor
...
**Market Research and Validation: Conduct thorough market research and validation
to ensure there is a demand for the technology before committing significant resources
...
**Lean Startup Methodology: Adopt lean startup principles to minimize waste, iterate
quickly, and pivot as needed, which can reduce the time and cost of development
...
**Public-Private Partnerships: Collaborate with governmental or non-profit
organizations to co-fund and support projects with public benefits
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Which of the following is NOT a type of innovation?
(a) Incremental innovation (b) Radical innovation (c) Disruptive innovation (d)
Discontinuous innovation
2
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit of technology management?
(a) Increased efficiency (b) Reduced costs (c) Improved quality (d) Reduced innovation
4
...
Which of the following is NOT a type of technology management certification?

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(a) Project Management Professional (PMP) (b) Certified Information Systems Security
Professional (CISSP) (c) Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA)
(d) Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT (CGEIT)
Answers:
1
...
(d)
3
...
(d)
5
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Define innovation and explain the different types of innovation
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Describe the steps in the innovation process
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Discuss the benefits and challenges of technology management
...
Explain the different types of technology management certifications
...
Give an example of a successful innovation and explain how it was managed
...
Innovation is the process of creating new ideas and converting them into new
products, services, or processes
...

Incremental innovation is the process of making small improvements to existing
products, services, or processes
...

Disruptive innovation is the process of creating new products, services, or processes
that replace existing ones
...

2
...
Idea generation: This step involves coming up with new ideas for products,
services, or processes
...
Idea screening: This step involves evaluating the new ideas to identify the ones
that have the most potential
...
Concept development: This step involves developing the most promising ideas
into more detailed concepts
...
Product development: This step involves developing the concepts into working
prototypes
...
Product launch: This step involves launching the products into the market
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The benefits of technology management include:


Increased efficiency: Technology management can help organizations to use
technology more efficiently, which can lead to increased productivity and reduced
costs
...




Reduced costs: Technology management can help organizations to reduce costs
by using technology to streamline processes and eliminate waste
...


The challenges of technology management include:


Technological obsolescence: Technology is constantly changing, so
organizations need to be able to keep up with the latest trends in order to remain
competitive
...


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

Ethical concerns: There are a number of ethical concerns related to technology,
such as the use of facial recognition software and the privacy of personal data
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4
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

Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP): This certification is
for information security professionals who have experience in protecting
information systems
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

Certified in the Governance of Enterprise IT (CGEIT): This certification is for IT
governance professionals who have experience in managing and controlling IT
resources
...
An example of a successful innovation is the iPhone
...
It combined the features of a cell phone, a music player, and a web
browser into one device
...
It involves identifying
new opportunities, developing new technologies, and bringing them to market
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Question 2: What are the different types of innovation?
Answer: There are many different types of innovation, but some of the most common
include:


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Product innovation: This involves developing new products or services
...

Marketing innovation: This involves developing new ways of marketing or selling
existing products or services
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Question 3: What are the benefits of innovation?
Answer: Innovation can provide a number of benefits to organizations, including:
 Increased competitiveness


Increased profitability



New market opportunities



Improved customer satisfaction



Reduced costs



Improved product quality

Question 4: What are the challenges of innovation?
Answer: Innovation also presents a number of challenges, including:
 Uncertainty: The outcome of innovation is always uncertain, and there is always
the risk of failure
...




Time: Innovation can take time, and there is always the risk of being overtaken
by competitors
...


Question 5: What are the different stages of the innovation process?
Answer: The innovation process can be divided into a number of different stages,
including:
 Idea generation: This involves generating new ideas for products, services,
processes, or organizations
...


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





Concept development: This involves developing a more detailed understanding
of the selected ideas
...

Testing: This involves testing the prototype to ensure that it meets the needs of

customers
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Question 6: What are some of the key factors that influence the success of innovation?
Answer: Some of the key factors that influence the success of innovation include:
 Culture: A culture that is supportive of innovation is essential for success
...

Resources: Adequate resources are needed to fund innovation
...

Question 7: What are some of the latest trends in innovation and technology
management?
Answer: Some of the latest trends in innovation and technology management include:










Agile innovation: This involves using agile development methodologies to
accelerate the innovation process
...

Digital innovation: This involves using digital technologies to develop new
products, services, and processes
...


Question 8: What are some of the ethical challenges of innovation and technology
management?
Answer: Some of the ethical challenges of innovation and technology management
include:
 Privacy: New technologies can raise concerns about privacy
...

 Bias: New technologies can be biased, which can lead to discrimination
...

Question 9: What are some of the ways to mitigate the risks of innovation?
Answer: Some of the ways to mitigate the risks of innovation include:
 Conducting market research: Conducting market research can help to reduce the
risk of developing new products or services that customers do not want
...

Investing in research and development: Investing in research and development
can help to increase the chances of success of new innovations
...

Question 10: What are some of the ways to measure the success of innovation?
Answer: Some of the ways to measure the success of innovation include:
 **Sales growth


PAPER # 6
Certainly, here's a sample complete exam paper for a course on Innovation and
Technology Management in a Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA) program,
along with suggested answers
...


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**Innovation and Technology Management Exam**

**Instructions:**

- This exam paper consists of two sections: Section A and Section B
...
Choose the most appropriate option
...
Please provide concise and clear
responses
...

- You have 2 hours to complete the exam
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Which of the following best describes the innovation process?

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a
...


b
...


c
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d
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**Answer: b**

2
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Research and Design

b
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Research and Development

d
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What is the "Innovator's Dilemma," as coined by Clayton Christensen?

a
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b
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c
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d
...


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**Answer: a**

4
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Protecting intellectual property
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Identifying and evaluating external technologies for potential adoption
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Benchmarking competitors' products
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Securing venture capital funding
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Which of the following intellectual property rights provides protection for new and
useful processes, machines, and compositions of matter?

a
...
Trademark

c
...
Trade secret

**Answer: c**

**Section B: Short-Answer Questions (5 points each)**

6
...


22

**Answer:** Open Innovation is a concept that emphasizes the use of both internal
and external sources to develop new ideas and technologies
...
An example of a company
practicing open innovation is Procter & Gamble (P&G), which initiated its "Connect +
Develop" program to leverage external expertise and ideas
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7
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**Answer:** Incremental innovation refers to the gradual and continuous improvement
of existing products or processes, often building on the organization's existing
knowledge and resources
...


Disruptive innovation, on the other hand, is a type of innovation that introduces new
technologies or business models that significantly disrupt existing markets or industries,
often targeting underserved or ignored customer segments
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8
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- **Technologies:** A list of the technologies or innovations that are part of the plan
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- **Resource Allocation:** An allocation of resources (budget, personnel, etc
...


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- **Risks and Contingencies:** Identifying potential risks and outlining contingency
plans to address them
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They help
organizations align their technology efforts with their business objectives, allocate
resources efficiently, and reduce uncertainty by providing a clear plan for technology
implementation
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BBA Exam Paper
2
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Business Administration
4
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Sample Exam
6
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Management Exam
8
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Exam Answers
10
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BBA Program
12
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Business Studies
14
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Technology Management
16
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Answer Key
18
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Exam Practice
20

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