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CHAPTER
1
Electric Charges and Fields
Coulombās Law
ļ²
q1q 2 ļ¤
1
r, ār = dielectric
Force between two charges F =
4Ļ ā0 ār r 2
constant
q1
Equilibrium of Three Point Charges
x
q
r
Q1
q2
Q2
r
(i) Two charges must be of like nature
...
Force on a point charge due to many charges is given by
ļ² ļ² ļ² ļ²
F = F1 + F2 + F3 +
...
Electric Field or Electric Field Intensity
(Vector Quantity)
ļ²
ļµļ² F
E = , unit is N/C or V/m
...
y
For a Non-conducting Sphere
E
E
r
R
+
Er
q
R
P
+
+
+
r
āq
Electric field E =
x
For r ā„ R : E =
1 p 1 + 3cos 2 Īø
4Ļ ā0
r3
ļµļ²
Electric field at axial point (or End-on) E =
dipole
Ā
ļ²
1 2p
of
4Ļ ā0 r 3
ļ²
1 (āp)
4Ļ ā0 r 3
For r < R : E =
ļµļ² ļ²
Gaussās Law: ļā« E
...
dA
ļā«=
1 qr
4Ļ ā0 R 3
For a Conducting/Non-conducting Spherical Shell
ļµļ² ļ²
Electric flux: Ļ = ā« E
...
q
R
+
+
+
For r < R : E = 0
For a Charged Circular Ring
E
V
Ļ does not depend on the
(i) Shape and size of the closed surface
x
(ii) The charges located outside the closed surface