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Title: Mirrors and Reflection
Description: A mirror is defined as a reflecting surface and can be explained by the law of reflection, which states that when a ray of light is made to fall on the reflecting surface, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Description: A mirror is defined as a reflecting surface and can be explained by the law of reflection, which states that when a ray of light is made to fall on the reflecting surface, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
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Unit 1: Waves
Lesson: Mirrors and Reflection of Light
The objects that we see can be placed into one of two categories: luminous objects and
illuminated objects
...
Illuminated objects are objects that are capable of reflecting light to our eyes
...
Line of Sight
You can only view the object when light from that object travels to your eye
...
To view the image of an object in a mirror, you must sight along a line at the image
...
Reflection
The bouncing back of a light ray from a surface
...
Both of these angles are measured relative to a normal drawn to
the surface
...
The Law of Reflection is Always Observed
(regardless of the orientation of the surface)
Specular reflection
Reflection off of smooth surfaces such as mirrors or a calm body of water
rays reflect to form a clear image
reflected rays are nearly parallel
normals drawn to the surface (at the point at which
the incident ray strikes the surface) are nearly
parallel
...
Types of mirrors:
Plane mirrors: flat mirror that reflects light rays in the same order as they
approach the mirror
...
Real images - formed by converging light rays; can be projected on a screen;
orientation = inverted
2
...
Object height = image height
2
...
Always forms a virtual image (cannot be projected onto a screen, behind the
mirror, upright)
4
...
2
...
4
...
Locate the image where reflected rays intersect behind the mirror
...
Vertex – Geometric center of the mirror - the point on the mirror's surface where the
principal axis meets the mirror
...
Principal axis - line drawn through the vertex, focus, and center of curvature of the
mirror
...
Focal Length – f- distance from vertex of mirror to focal point (f = R/2)
Characteristics of concave mirrors:
1
...
Focal length is (+) (because the object and the focus are on the same side
of the mirror)
3
...
Virtual, upright images are formed by the mirror when the object is within
the focal length
5
...
When the object is at C, an inverted image is formed at C
Concave mirrors can produce either real or virtual images
...
- when rays from a concave mirror diverge, they form a virtual image
...
1
...
2
...
3
...
4
...
1
...
Object located at C
3
...
Object located at F
5
...
The object and the focus are on opposite sides of the mirror (the focus is
on the inside of the mirror and the object is on the outside)
2
...
Only virtual, upright, reduced images are formed
Ray Diagrams for Convex Mirrors
Process of drawing ray diagrams is the same no matter where the object is
located
...
IR parallel to the principal axis, RR through the focal point upon reflection
...
IR through the focal point F, RR parallel to the principal axis upon reflection
...
IR through C, RR reflects through C
...
Prediction of image location:
Magnification ratio:
Image height:
f = focal length (-)
do = object distance (+)
di = image distance (-)
hi = image height (+)
ho = object height (+)
m = magnification (< 1)
Flat Mirror
Concave,
do > R
Concave,
R > do > f
Concave,
do < f
Convex
Focal
Length
∞
+
Image
Location
-di = do
R > di > f
Image
Orientation
upright
inverted
Magnification
1, same size
< 1, smaller
Image
Type
Virtual
Real
+
di > R
inverted
> 1, bigger
Real
+
-di
upright
> 1, bigger
Virtual
-
-di
upright
< 1, smaller
Virtual
The +/- Sign Conventions
The sign conventions for the given quantities in the mirror equation and magnification
equations are as follows:
f is + if the mirror is a concave mirror
f is - if the mirror is a convex mirror
di is + if the image is a real image and located on the object's side of
the mirror
...
hi is + if the image is an upright image (and therefore, also virtual)
hi is - if the image an inverted image (and therefore, also real)
Title: Mirrors and Reflection
Description: A mirror is defined as a reflecting surface and can be explained by the law of reflection, which states that when a ray of light is made to fall on the reflecting surface, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
Description: A mirror is defined as a reflecting surface and can be explained by the law of reflection, which states that when a ray of light is made to fall on the reflecting surface, the incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal to the surface of the mirror all lie in the same plane and the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.