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The Cardiovascular
System
The Cardiovascular System
A closed system of the heart and blood
vessels
The heart pumps blood
Blood vessels allow blood to circulate to all
parts of the body
The function of the cardiovascular
system is to deliver oxygen and
nutrients and to remove carbon dioxide
and other waste products
The Heart
Location
Thorax between the lungs
Pointed apex directed toward left hip
About the size of your fist
Less than 1 lb
...
)
PATHOLOGY OF THE
HEART
• Damage to AV node = release of ventricles from
control = slower heart beat
• Slower heart beat can lead to fibrillation
• Fibrillation = lack of blood flow to the heart
• Tachycardia = more than 100 beats/min
• Bradychardia = less than 60 beats/min
The Heart: Cardiac Cycle
Atria contract simultaneously
Atria relax, then ventricles contract
Systole = contraction
Diastole = relaxation
Filling of Heart Chambers –
the Cardiac Cycle
The Heart: Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO)
Amount of blood pumped by each side of
the heart in one minute
CO = (heart rate [HR]) x (stroke volume
[SV])
Stroke volume
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle
in one contraction
CARDIAC OUTPUT,
CONT
...
• CO varies with demands of the body
...
Digitalis
works to provide a slow, steady, but
stronger beat