Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

LESSON 1
...
FUNERAL CUSTOMS OLDER THAN ORGANIZED GOVERNMENTS -- SINCE THE FIRST
DEATH
In the past, burials provided sanitation; society needed to dispose of dead bodies
...
Although some may argue that we do
injustice to the deceased and family and prefer reverting back to getting rid of the body as the
primary motive for disposition
...
ANCIENT EGYPTIAN BURIAL CUSTOMS
A
...
Because Ancient Egypt kept written records, modernity
"remembers" a lot about it
...
Herodotus, known as the Father of History, lived in 400 BC and authored a book called
"History", containing much information about early civilizations
2
...
Historians used the Greek to decipher the hieroglyphics

B
...

C
...
They insisted on perfection for every detail because they believed that the body had
to be completely restored to enjoy the afterlife
...


D
...
The
pharoah practiced both religions to avoid making either god mad
...

1
...
Each can be
found in the Egyptian links above
...
Osiris and Isis were brother and sister as well as husband
and wife and Horus was their son
...
Please read this link
...
The body of the deceased had to be kept
whole with all its parts to enjoy the afterlife
...

Some legends maintained that Osiris was actually cut into bits and scattered to the four
corners of the Earth
...
This further
illustrates the importance of keeping the body whole and complete in all its parts
...

After his death and dismemberment, Isis and Horus reassembled Osiris
...


2
...

The length of time required for this journey was based upon how "good" a person was during life
as judged by Anubis, the jackel-headed god of embalming
...
The time to travel the Circle of Necessity might take 4000 - 5000 years for an
average person
...
After traveling the
Circle of Necessity, the soul rejoined the body in the afterlife
...

6 Elements of a person
1
...
Ka - Guardian angel of the person or soul/spirit; remained by dead and demanded attention
from living
3
...
Yakhu (Akh) - Immortality, the shining one
5
...
Shadow - If you worship the sun, a shadow will result

Practices based upon Sun worship





Stomach given special attention during embalming because the stomach contained the Ba or
soul
...

Embalming helped prevent diseases from spreading
...
INDIVIDUALS ASSOCIATED WITH FUNERALIZATION LIVED WITHIN A WELL-DEFINED
CASTE SYSTEM
...
Kerheb (Chief Embalmer/Funeral Director) - From priestly lines
...

2
...
Surgeon (Embalmer) - Performed the functions of preserving the body
4
...

5
...
Dissector (Anatomist) - Made the initial incision into the left flank of the deceased to begin
the embalming process
...
Scribe (Lawyer) - Simply made a mark on the body to guide the dissector to where to make
the incision
...
Slaves - Performed much of the work unless the deceased was of high estate

F
...
The
Valley of the Kings -- where pharohs were burried in pyramids -- was also located in a
Necropolis
...
FACTORS GOVERNING FUNERALIZATION PROCEDURES




Pharoah tax - Pharoah received a fee for every person who died
Priestly profit - when the priest went to the home to transfer the body to the Necropolis, the
priest would barter with the family to determine the cost of the funeral
...
METHODS OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN FUNERALIZATION
1
...

When Pharoah or someone of his court died, the procedure followed to complete the
mumification included bringing the body to the Necropolis
...
The designer (painter) began constructing the
coffin
...
) The Apothecary acquired the
natron (a substance similar to salt and baking soda mixed together), oils, and spices used for
embalming and mummy wrapping glues
...

The Scribe marked the place of incision on the body
...

The Surgeon removed the internal organs from the deceased and placed them near the body to
be covered in natron but discarded the brain believing it only functioned to produce mucous and
had no value
...
After 70 days, the natron was removed from the
body and swept off the internal organs that had been eviscerated
...

After completing the above process, the internal organs were placed into one of four canopic
jars -- which looked much like present day urns and contained special symbols -- for disposition
...
Mestha (Imset) - Human headed guardian of the liver
2
...
Hapi - Baboon headed guardian of the lungs
4
...
This is due to the long history
of Ancient Egyptian Civilization that spanned thousands of years
...
For quiz and test purposes, we will go by the list provided here in this lesson
rather than what is found in the text or other outside sources
...
With the
body inside, the coffin was carried to the pyramid or grave and placed into a sarcophagus, a
massive rectangular container often constructed of stone and very similar to today's burial vault
...


2
...
They would have had their brain eviscerated
...
The other way to
remove the brain was to use an instrument with a point and a hook on it the point would break
through the cribriform plate behind the nose and the hook would pull the brain out
...
Following this, the body may have been
wrapped in mummy linens or placed in a grave near the Necropolis
...
INEXPENSIVE PRICED METHOD
Priest would go get the body as in other price ranges, but would probably send lesser priests for
this removal
...
Most
slaves were given these types of burials
...
placed in tar
pits; 2
...
had the brain eviscerated or 4
...
Then the body would be placed in a common grave near the
Necropolis
...
BURIAL RECEPTACLES


Earliest Receptacles
o

Mats/Skins

o

Reeds

o

Wooden/Earthenware Baskets



Sarcophagus



Anthropoidal - Man-shaped coffins resembling the person they were made for
...
Thucydides noted that cypress was also
used by the Greeks to contain ashes of those who died for their country
...
"



Canopic Jars



Pyramids - Served as burial tombs for Pharoah



---