Notesale: Turn your study into money

Document Preview

Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above

---

Biomolecules
Monomers: Building blocks of more complex chemicals called polymers
...


Condensation reaction: lose water to bond monomers
Hydrolysis: Add water to split monomers
...


Nucleotides: Monomers of polynucleotides (nucleic acid) e
...
DNA

Carbohydrates

o Contain element C, H or O
...


Monosaccharide

o Sweet, soluble and crystalline molecules
...


o
o
o
o
o
o

Disaccharide

Two monosaccharide combined
...

Condensation reaction
...

Maltose, sucrose and lactose
...


Polysaccharide

o Many monosaccharide are combined
...

o Chains can be branched or un-branched
...

o Used for storage
...

o Can be converted to monosaccharide upon hydrolysis
...


o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o

Proteins

Monomers of proteins are amino acids
...

Many amino acids joined together = a polypeptide
...

All have the same structure except for the R group
...

Amino acids are linked together by condensation reaction
...


Protein Structure

Complicated, big molecules
...

Antibodies: involved in immune response
...
Transports ions across membranes
...
Collagen – connective tissue
...

Monomers
Monosaccharide: glucose
galactose
fructose
Amino Acids
Nucleotides

Polymers
Polysaccharide: starch
cellulose
glycogen
Polypeptides (protein)
Polynucleotides (DNA)

Components of DNA

 Deoxyribose – sugar
 Phosphate group
 Organic base belonging to one of two groups
 Single ring – cytosine and thymine
 Double ring – adenine and guanine

Lipids (fats)
Aren’t really monomers/polymers
...

Insoluble in water
...
e
...

Fats (solid at room temperature) and oils (liquid at room
temperature)
o Composed of fatty acids and an alcohol
...

o When components combine condensation reactions take place
and 3 water molecules are lost

---