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CLASS 10 CHEMISTRY NOTES
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For example: Rusting of iron, the setting of milk into curd,
digestion of food, respiration, etc
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Only a rearrangement of atoms takes place in a chemical reaction
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The new substances produced as a result of a chemical reaction are called
products
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2Mg(s) + O2(g) △→ 2MgO(s)
Before burning in air, the magnesium ribbon is cleaned by rubbing with sandpaper
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Chemical Reactions and Equations: Balanced and unbalanced chemical equations and
balancing of chemical equations
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Example: Mg and O2
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Example: MgO
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Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) ↑
(ii) Change in Colour: The chemical reaction between citric acid and purple coloured
potassium permanganate solution is characterised by a change in colour from purple
to colourless
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(iii) Change in state of substance: The combustion reaction of candle wax is
characterised by a change in state from solid to liquid and gas (because the wax is a
solid, water formed by the combustion of wax is a liquid at room temperature whereas,
carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of wax is a gas)
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(iv)Change in temperature: The chemical reaction between quick lime water to form
slaked lime is characterized by a change in temperature (which is a rise in
temperature)
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(v) Formation of precipitate: The chemical reaction between sulphuric acid and barium
chloride solution is characterised by the formation of a white precipitate of barium
sulphate
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Example: A + B → C + D
In this equation, A and B are called reactants and C and D are called the products
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Condition, if any, is written generally above the
arrow
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This reaction can be represented by
the following chemical equation:
Hydrogen + Oxygen → Water
H 2 + O2 → H 2 O
In the first equation, words are used and in second, symbols of substances are used to
write the chemical equation
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A chemical equation is a way to represent the chemical reaction in a concise and
informative way
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Balanced Chemical Equation: A balanced chemical equation has the number
of atoms of each element equal on both sides
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Acco