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HEMATOLOGY
S
...
‘24 - ‘25 | SEM 1|

WEEK 3: HEMATOPOIESIS

Hepatic Phase

TOPIC OUTLINE
1
...
Definition of Terms
b
...
0 HEMATOPOIESIS
- is a continuous, regulated process of
blood cell production that includes :
cell renewal
proliferation
Differentiation
Maturation
1
...

– Thymus, the first fully developed organ in the
fetus- the major site of T cell production,
– Kidney and Spleen produce B cells
...

Fetal Hemoglobin

Globin Chain
Combination

Hemoglobin F

2 alpha 2 Gamma

Medullary (Myeloid) Phase
---fifth month of fetal development, hematopoiesis
begins in the bone marrow cavity
...
M
...
Y
...
2 ADULT HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE
– In adults, hematopoietic tissue is located in the
– bone marrow
– lymph nodes
– Spleen, liver
– thymus
...

• becomes abundant during 5 and 7 years of age
where they occupy the spaces in the long bones
previously dominated by red marrow
...

– It is responsible for supplying semifluid matrix
(stroma) that serves as an anchor for the
developing hematopoietic cells
...
3 POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT
– Hematopoietic tissue is involved in the
proliferation and maturation of blood cells
...
Bone marrow
2
...
Spleen
4
...
Thymus
1
...
Endothelial cells
● regulate the flow of particles entering and
leaving hematopoietic spaces
...
Adipocytes
● secrete various steroids that influence
erythropoiesis and maintain bone integrity
and :regulates the volume of marrow
...
Macrophages
● function in phagocytosis and secretion of
various
cytokines
that
regulate
hematopoiesis
4
...
Osteoclasts
● bone resorbing cells or destroying cells
6
...
Proteoglycans/Glycosaminoglycans
2
...
Collagen
4
...
M
...
Y
...
Hemonectin
6
...
LIVER
– liver serves as the major site of blood cell
production during the second trimester of fetal
development
– Capable of extra medullary hematopoiesis
Functions:
– Protein synthesis and degradation, coagulation
factor synthesis carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism
– drug and toxin clearance
– iron recycling and storage
– hemoglobin degradation
3
...

– It is located directly beneath the diaphragm
behind the fundus of the stomach in the upper left
quadrant of the abdomen
– It is vital but not essential for life
Functions:
– indiscriminate filter of the circulating blood
...
Culling - cells are phagocytized
subsequent degradation of cell organelles

with

2
...

4
...

– are bean-shaped structures (1-5 mm)
...
Play a role in the formation of new lymphocytes
from germinal centers
...
Involved in the processing of specific Ig
...
Involved in the filtration of particulate matter,
debris, and bacteria entering the lymph node via
the lymph
Regions of Lymph Nodes
Cortex
–outer region -contains follicles of B cells
- proliferation termed germinal centers
...


1
...


Paracortex
–region between cortex and medulla
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2
...

3
...

Two methods for removing senescent or
abnormal RBCs from the circulation

5
...

– is populated initially by lymphocytes from the
yolk sac and the liver
...
5 to 2
cm in diameter
...


Clinical Hematology Theory and Procedures 5th Edition by
Turgeon
S
...
F

HEMA SEM1 REVIEWER

PAGE 3

HEMATOLOGY
S
...
‘24 - ‘25 | SEM 1|

WEEK 3: HEMATOPOIESIS

1
...
Cells that have extensive proliferative capacity
- Ability to give rise to new stem cell
- Ability to differentiate into any blood cells
lines
2
...
They differentiate into one or another type of
committed stem cells ( progenitor cells)
2
...
1 CSF: COLONY STIMULATING FACTORS
A
...

B
...

C
...

D
...
2 ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)
– Stimulates proliferation , growth and
differentiation of erythroid precursors and may
have minor effects on megakaryocytes
...
3 THROMBOPOIETIN

– The entry of mature blood cells into the
intravascualr space relies upon :
1
...
Gradual maturation
3
...
0 3 POSSIBLE ACTIVITIES OF HSCs
1
...
Differentiation
3
...

5
...
Interleukins (Ils)
2
...
Monokines
4
...
Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs)
6
...
IL-1
2
...
IL-6
4
...
IL-11
6
...
Kit Ligand
NEGATIVE INFLUENCE
1
...
Tumor NEcrosis Factor-a
3
...
0 CONTROL OF HEMATOPOIESIS

Clinical Hematology Theory and Procedures 5th Edition by
Turgeon
S
...
F

HEMA SEM1 REVIEWER

PAGE 4



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