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Title: A Level geography global migration notes - Laos LIDC case study - OCR B
Description: Laos is a country with a limited influence on the global migration system, as well as an example of a South-South flow for those AS/A Level geography students studying the OCR B course. This 4 page document contains statistics, patterns, factors and impacts of Laos’ net migration loss.
Description: Laos is a country with a limited influence on the global migration system, as well as an example of a South-South flow for those AS/A Level geography students studying the OCR B course. This 4 page document contains statistics, patterns, factors and impacts of Laos’ net migration loss.
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CASE STUDY: Laos (LIDC with a limited influence on global
migration)
*also an example of a South-South migration flow
● Laos is a landlocked country in Southeast Asia
...
The Mekong river runs through the country
...
● Refugees consist of more than half of Laotian Canadians
...
● After the Vietnam War, some Laotians moved to France and are generally
well-integrated due to their economic success, high levels of education and
cultural knowledge
...
● More recently, Thailand has become a popular destination for Laotians (see
below)
...
3 million Laotians living abroad, mostly in Thailand
...
Factors that influence migration in Laos
● Laos has a net migration loss of 1
...
● Economic - GDP per capita is $1660 and 73% of the population are
employed in agriculture
...
GNI per capitas:
➔ Thailand - $18,200
...
➔ Vietnam - $6,930
...
8 million people, of which
36% are under 15
...
This also means that
many people are vulnerable to human trafficking and exploitation
...
This
freedom of movement has led to 1
...
Causes of emigration out of Laos
Economic:
● Many Laotians are subsistence farmers so there is no promise of financial
gain or personal independence
...
HOWEVER
...
● Wage differentials - the daily minimum wage in Thailand is 300 baht,
compared with 80 baht in Laos
...
This poverty
is likely to be worsened by climate change and more extreme El Nino years
...
● Thailand demands low skilled labour, as it is a rapidly growing economy
...
HOWEVER
...
This means that seasonal workers cannot leave Thailand and others cannot
enter Thailand, leaving people without income or remittances
...
HOWEVER… there is only 1
job position available for every 12 returning migrants, resulting in
unemployment
...
● Women and ethnic minorities are discriminated against in access to education
and face social exclusion
...
Environmental
● Improved access across the Mekong river and shared borders
...
● Laos’ ambitions to become the hydroelectric powerhouse of East Asia also
causes environmental damage along the Mekong
...
Migration policies (Human Rights crossover!)
● Laos’ migration policies have been very ineffective due to the fact that most
citizens do not have pass
Title: A Level geography global migration notes - Laos LIDC case study - OCR B
Description: Laos is a country with a limited influence on the global migration system, as well as an example of a South-South flow for those AS/A Level geography students studying the OCR B course. This 4 page document contains statistics, patterns, factors and impacts of Laos’ net migration loss.
Description: Laos is a country with a limited influence on the global migration system, as well as an example of a South-South flow for those AS/A Level geography students studying the OCR B course. This 4 page document contains statistics, patterns, factors and impacts of Laos’ net migration loss.