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Parental Misuse Abuse Effects on Child Welfare
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It attracts large quantities of unfavourable scrutiny in the media
requiring tackling in order to protect the identity of health and social practitioners and more
significantly the children effected (Forrester & Harwin, 2011)
...
Its essential we improve our knowledge as professionals to assist risk
management, assessment and practice (Dunn et al, 2002)
...
S Department of Health and Human Services, 2009)
...
Substance misuse is defined as by the
National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence (2011) as; 'the hazardous or harmful use
of any psychotropic substance, including alcohol and either legal or illicit drugs
...
'
Different substance types (e
...
Also PSM is often poly-substances addiction (multiple drug types) creating
problems distinguishing differences (American Psychiatric Association)
...
5 million children and two in three social-work cases (62%) in England
and Wales with possibilities of more due research issue's due to the nature of activity,
leading to secrecy and concealing information meaning statistical information/quantitative
research could be higher (McGovern, 2010 : Melhuish, 2011: Forrester & Harwin, 2006 :
Cleaver et al, 1999)
...
Increasingly recognised, PSM significantly impacts
children's rapidly changing nervous systems, development, health and well-being across
the life span (Laird, 2013; DOH, 2013) concluding no argument's that PSM increases risk
of significant damage to a child (Bradshaw, 2011 P199: Knight, Bartholomew, & Simpson,
2007)
...


Safeguarding
Anyone in contact with children has the responsibility to safeguard any children they come
in to contact with, especially social care workers (DOH, 2013)
...
Once referred a child's assessed through the
most relevant child centred framework depending on their severity and need, made in the
child’s best interest
...


Figure 1
...
) to safeguard children by
considering how family/environmental factors and parenting capacity will effect a child's
development (Barlow and Macmillan, 2010)
...
We will now investigate some possible
examples of using the framework:
•

Health; dangerous situations, unsupervised exposure to needles and substances
pose a risk of diseases (including Hepatitis and HIV) being spread and risk of
injury/intoxication leading to potential fatalities
...
Encouragement to use a needle
exchange service, attend testing, advise, information and counselling available twill
help battle blood borne virus's to ensure the parent's know of risks and preventions
regarding passing on disease (NSPCC, 2013)
...
This can directly effect health through

malnutrition and bad sanitation, due to poor environmental factors, income,
employment and housing
...
Furthermore these services
and after school clubs may provide stimulation, a parenting capacity commonly
neglected as parents are preoccupied with their own concerns
...

•

Social representation and identity - Research shows PSM often creates difficulties
keeping to appointments, delayed presentation and avoidance towards medical
services
...
Stigma can also effect a child's
...
Therefore It's important to help reduce exposure to substances
by providing access to services that can help by stabilising the substance misuse so it's
manageable (Taylor & Kroll, 2004)
...
This is important because children can be left
traumatised from witnessing parents misusing drugs
...
(SCIE,2013)' The effects of
post-traumatic stress and shock can damage a child's emotional development for the rest
of their life sometimes not emerging until later on in life (Walsh, MacMillan & Jamieson,
2003)
...
Jessica aged 15 expresses her experience of living with
PSM 'you feel like you're always put on the second shelf
...
' Jessica was experiencing
feeling's of grief through loss of being loved weakening her self-esteem and self-worth
through her mother's poor attachment, which could have implications for her sense of
being 'held' emotionally and consequentially effecting later relationships if left unresolved
(Kroll and Taylor, 2009
...
In PSM the
biosocial parental and child bond can corrupt and the parent can find themselves caring
about themselves more then the needs of the child as the parent's primary attachment is to
substances rather than their child (Holmes, 2001,)
...


Risk of abuse is doubled in PSM cases, abuse is defined as 'A form of maltreatment by
inflicting or failing to prevent harm
...
' Its important to acknowledge the risks and signs of abuse as it can be highly
damaging to a child both physically and mental (Walsh
...
, & Jamieson, 2003)
...
The abuse is not always
directly from the parent so prevention may be needed to stop other's from abusing but in
cases when it is the problem will need to be tackled through the appropriate roots
...

Parent's can often be can argumentative, irritable and hostile towards their children
causing emotion abuse sometimes argued the least-likely form of maltreatment to result in
fatalities but when reconsidered is associated with long-term effects of anxiety, depression,
shame, anger/hostility and can lead to increased risk suicide in adolescence (Holland et al,
2013)
...

Commonly PSM is highly associated with other parenting problems particular Parent
having mental health problems and domestic violence issues (NSPCC, 2014) although its
unknown why they are linked (Cleaver et al, 1999) as a holistic assessment its important to
be vigilante to these and offer services as they all play an important role in safeguarding
(Jack & Donnellan, 2013)
...

This briefing paper was aimed at both parent and child practitioner's because of problem in
the area with inter-agency communication due to the gap adult and child services tackling
different aspects and misunderstandings between agencies agenda's, responsibilities and
finding a balance between parents need and a child's
...
)
Earlier intervention is necessary with these families subject to substance misuse
(Melhuish, 2011) as contact with services are not often until situations have got worsened
to the point of emergency often regarding the safety of the children or family breakdown
...


Lack of trust can be a serious problem, its needed between agencies and parents/children
in order for them to feel they can approach agencies for help and have healthy
relationships between services and service users (Jack and Donnellan, 2013)
...

Summary/Conclusion
...
Services need to be considered to help
create the best health, education, behavioural and emotional development, identity, family
and social relationships, social presentation and self-care skills to a child through
optimising parenting capacity and environmental and family factors
...

Word Count - 2175

References American Psychiatric Association
...
4th ed
...

Bradshaw, J
...
[online]
...
Available
from: ...
com?ID=322449> 13 November 2013
...
, West, J
...
, & Suchman, N
...
Emotionally avoidant language in
the parenting interviews of substance-dependent mothers: Associations with reflective
functioning, recent substance use, and parenting behavior
...
33 (5),
506-519
...
, Unell, I
...
(1999) Children's need – : The impact of parental mental
illness, problem alcohol and drug use, and domestic violence on children's
development,parenting capacity
...

Davies, C
...
(2012) Safeguarding Children across services
...
P32-34
...
, Tarter, R,E
...
, Vanyukov, M
...
,& Kirillova, G
...

Holmes, J
...

Taylor and Francis: Sussex
...

HM Government (2013) Working together to safeguard children: A guide to inter-agency
working to safeguard and promote the welfare of children (PDF)
...
(2013) Social Work with Children
...

P 100-103
Kroll, B
...
(2003) Parental substance misuse and child welfare
...

Taylor, T & Kroll, B
...
British Journal of Social Work
...
Issue 1115-1132
...
(2013) Research Review – The impact of substance misuse on
children
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McGovern, R
...
Guide to the impact of parental substance misuse on child
development
...

Melhuish, J
...
Crack Cocaine Use and Parenting: An Analysis of Three Parents'
Accounts of the Impact Their Crack Cocaine Use Had on Family Life
...
23 (4), 201-213
...
(2013) Early intervention strategy summary
...
plymouth
...
uk/early_intervention_strategy_summary
...
, Mcelrath, K
...
, & Moore, K
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Sage; London
...

National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence
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London :The British Psychological Society and The Royal College of
Psychiatrists
...
14
...
nice
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uk/nicemedia/live/13414/53691/53691
...

Leckman, J
...
, & Mayes, L
...
(1998)
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Holland, S
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, Williams, A
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(2013) Parenting and Substance
Misuse: Understanding Accounts and Realities in Child Protection Context
...

Issue 7
...

Stafford, A
...
, Vincent, S
...
(2012) Child Protection systems in the
United Kingdom
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P111-116
...
,MacMillan, H, L
...
(2003)
...

Child Abuse & Neglect
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U
...
(2009)
...
Available:
https://www
...
gov/pubs/usermanuals/substanceuse/chaptertwo
...
(Accessed
11th Nov 2013)
Forrester, D
...
(2006), Parental substance misuse and child care social work:
findings from the first stage of a study of 100 families
...

Forrester, D
...
(2011) Parents Who Misuse Drugs and Alcohol: Effective
Interventions in Social Work and Child Protection
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Laird, S, L
...

British Journal of Social Work
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Issue 7
...

Department of Health
...
London:Stationery Office
...

Department of Health
...
Available at: https://www
...
uk/government/publications/chief-medical-officersannual-report-2012-our-children-deserve-better-prevention-pays/cmos-annual-report2012-our-children-deserve-better-cmos-summary-as-a-web-page#professionalresponsibility Published: 24th October 2013
...

Dunn, G, M
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, C Mezzich, A,C
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, Kirisci, L
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(2002) Origins and consequences of child neglect in substance abuse families
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Suchman, N
...
, DeCoste, C
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(2006)
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National Council on Family Relations
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Knight, D
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, Bartholomew, N
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, & Simpson, D
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(2007)
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Psychological Services, 4,
262–276
...
, & Meij, S, VD
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The fight against stigma: An overview of stigma-reduction
strategies and interventions
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11 (3), 353-353
...
Safeguarding Children from Emotional Maltreatment: What
Works Safeguarding Children Across Services
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34-56
...
,MacMillan, H, L
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(2003)
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Child Abuse & Neglect
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Money, C , G
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St Paul: Redleaf Press
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nspcc
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uk/Inform/resourcesforprofessionals/scrs/briefing-substancemisuse_wda99489
...
)
Harbin, D and Murphy, M (Eds) (2006) Secret Lives: Growing with Substance: Working
with Children Who Live with Substance Misuse
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pp146
...
, Forrester, D
...
, & Copello, A
...
Volume 47
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1-17

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Title: Parental Substance Misuse
Description: This document is a full of possible references and incidence on Parental substance misuse. A great example of a report.

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