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Reach to Grasp

1) Shoulder flexion
2) Scapular protraction and lateral
rotation (protraction > pro > forward >anterior)
3) Shoulder external rotation
4) Elbow flexion
5) Elbow extension
6) Elbow supination
7) Wrist extension
8) Radial deviation
9) Abduction and opposition at CMC joint of the thumb
(carpometacarpal- between carpal bones and metacarpal, below
knuckle) (to GRIP)
10)
Extension of the MCP joints in the fingers
(metacarpophalageal/knuckles)
11)
IP (interphalangeal) joints in some flexion

Compensations and underlying problems
- Decreased shoulder flexion > compensates with abduction > due
to decreased proprioception AND/OR decreased shoulder flexors
(due to weakness or decreased tone in the flexors)
- Using bottle on table as a lever on the table > due to muscle
weakness

- Decreased/absent shoulder external rotation > compensates with
TRUNK ROTATION > due to weakness in the external rotators or
tightness in the internal rotators (pecs)
- Decreased elbow extension > due to tight flexors which are not
allowing extension
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proprioceptive information goes to the cerebellum and is localised
in the sensory cortex
...

- Muscle tone = amount of tension inside a muscle when it is at
rest
- HIGH muscle tone= too much tension/resistance in the muscle at
rest, ie: muscle is tight and tense even though it is not doing
anything
...
Can result in contractures, which means less and
less range of movement is possible
...

Muscle may have a slightly mushy feel to it and there is a lack of
graded control of the muscle when it is being used (graded
control means that just the right amount of movement and effort
is used as appropriate for the task at hand)

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