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Glossary of Terms
Osteoblasts


Cells responsible for bone growth by:
o Creating the extra-cellular bone matrix

Osteoid



Is the extra-cellular bone matrix (created by the
osteoblasts)
Primarily type I collagen + non-collagenous
proteins

Osteocytes
 Result of calcification of the bone matrix cells
(1
...
)
(2
...
Become Osteocytes)
Osteoclasts


Cells responsible for bone resorption

Periosteum


Dense layer of fibrous tissue on the outer surface of bone

Diaphysis


Mid shaft of a long bone

Epiphysis


Expanded articular ends of long bones

Epiphyseal Plate


This is a hyaline cartilage plate that lies within the metaphysis, site of bone growth present in children &
adolescents only

Epiphyseal Line


Ossified Epiphyseal Plate observed in adults once bone growth has ceased

Endosteum


Is a highly vascular membrane lining the marrow cavity of long bones E
...
Humerus

Medullary Canal/Cavity


Central cavity within the shaft/centre of a bone where bone marrow is stored

Trabeculae (aka cancellous or spongy bone)






Sponge-like network
Irregular bones
Ends of long bones (epiphyses)
Internal weaved network of bone found primarily in the ends of long bones
Role: Strength to resist compression/shearing stresses

Compact Bone






Dense bone with a solid bone matrix
Provides strength and ridgidity, primarily in long bones
Makes up outer layer of bones
surrounds the medullary cavity
thin layer covers epiphyses

Mature Compact Bone


As above, however is also has:
o Lamellar Structure
o Layers of compact bone

Woven Bone (Immature)


Most bone collagen is deposited in parallel bundles known as lamellar bone



Woven bone the collagen is laid down haphazard orientation



Occurs during rapid bone deposition –foetus and neonate and during fracture repair
...

Within the centre is the haversian canal

Volkmann’s Canals




These are microscopic canals which run within the osteons , contain small blood vessels
They run perpendicular to the haversian systems
EG: in a long bone the haversian systems run longitudinally (down the length of the bone) and the Volkmann
Canals run (horizontally) across the osteons to the periosteum and also connecting haversian canals to one
another

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