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BIOLOGY
Name ____________________________________

MAYWOOD ACADEMY HIGH SCHOOL
Date ___________________
Period ___
Lecture Notes:

Biotechnology
Goals of the Lecture
 After viewing a presentation about biotechnology, students will recall the
definitions of key terms by completing a puzzle with 100% accuracy
 Standard 5c: Students know how genetic engineering
standerd 5c
(_________________________)
is used to produce novel
____________________ and ______________ products
...

cows
• ________ are used to make milk, cheese, yogurt and beef
bread and ___________
alcoholic beverages
• Yeast is used to make _______
aspirin
• Plants are used to make drugs, such as _____________
insulin
• Bacteria (E
...

traits
changed
 Genetic engineering is when an organisms DNA is _________________
to give it new ________________
...
)
genes
 The ___________
for a chemical called “betacarotene” are inserted into rice DNA
gold
 This gives rice a ____________
color
 When people eat the golden rice, they also get betacarotene, which allows their body to make
vitamin A
______________
 Now the kids won’t go blind!

•

The “Fish Tomato” is another great example:
 Tomatoes (and other fruits) are important sources
vitamin c and other nutrients for the heart,
of __________
liver, and other organs
 They can’t be grown in cold climates – they
freeeze
________________
and die!
 Fruit is very ______________for
people who live
expensive
in these areas, and they suffer from malnutrition
because they can’t afford to buy them
...

 It is inserted into the DNA of the tomato plant
...
Biotechnology is the use of ________________
to form a product or accomplish a task
...
Three examples of biotechnology include ___________ ____________,
____ fingerprinting
______________, and
cloning
______________
...

cloning
3
...
Two examples of genetic engineering are ____________
rice and the ___________________
...
Would you eat golden rice and/or fish-tomatoes? Why or why not?

yes because I am eating gmo food allready

How Does It Work?
proteins
DNA
 Genetic engineering is possible because ALL living things use _________
to make _______________
in the same
way
central
dogma
 DNA → RNA → Protein; The _____________
_________________
restriction
 A _______________________ enzyme is used to remove the gene to be inserted
...

complementary “sticky ends”
 It gets the _________________
bind
 The gene’s sticky ends ___________
to those of the DNA
molecule
 The gene is now inserted!

New DNA!
 This is a new DNA molecule
combination of genes – some from the fish and some from the tomato
 It is a new _______________
 _____________
recombitnant DNA = DNA that contains genes from more than one organism
transgenic
 It is a “______________”
organism
genes from another organism
 Transgenic = has one or more __________

Self Check 2 – True or False?
1
...
true
______
false
2
...
_______
false
3
...
________
4
...
true
______
false
5
...
______
DNA Fingerprinting
identify
 A DNA fingerprint can be used to _____________
a person on a molecular
level
 Example: Who’s the Daddy?

male 1

How Is It Done?
same
 All DNA samples are cut with the __________
restriction enzymes:
 Because everyone has different DNA, the samples are cut into different _____________ pieces
...

 When a current is run through the Gel Electrophoresis chamber, the
move
DNA fragments begin to _________…
positive
 DNA has a negative charge, so it moves to the ______________
end
...

related
 The more similar the DNA, the more closely _____________!



Self Check 3 – Multiple Choice
1
...
When different DNA samples are cut with the same
restriction enzyme
a) The same number and size fragments are produced
b) A different number and size fragments are produced
c) A random number and size fragments are produced
d) DNA is transformed into RNA
3
...
According to the Restriction Map shown above, which
suspect was at the crime scene?
a) Suspect 1
b) Suspect 2
c) Suspect 3
d) There’s not enough information

Polymerase Chain Reaction
small
 Sometimes only a _____________
amount of DNA is available
crime
scene
 ___________________
extinct
 ______________
Organisms
copies
 PCR is used to make lots of _____________
of a DNA sample
 DNA sample is heated up
H-Bonds DNA separates into two strands
 Breaks the ____________,
 DNA primers added
complementary strands
 Bind to __________________
polymerase
 DNA __________________ and free nucleotides added
 Complementary strands synthesized
33,554,432
 If 1 cycle produces two copies, how many copies would 25 cycles make? ________
Cloning
 Makes an exact copy of a gene, a gene product, a cell, tissue, organ, organism…
anything
__________________!
 Differs from PCR
in vivo
Cloning is performed inside a living organism (______________________)
 How it’s done:
restriction
 A gene is isolated using _____________________
and gel electrophoresis
vector
 The gene is inserted into a _________________ (usually a plasmid)
 Plasmid – small circular DNA molecule
bacteria
 Plasmid is taken up by _________________
transcribes
 Bacteria __________________
plasmid genes
product
 Target _______________ is produced!
 Insulin

Therapeutic Cloning
paralyzed
 A person damages his/her spinal cord in a car accident and is _________________
from the neck down
...

nucleus
eggs
 A woman donates one of her _______, and it’s ______________
is removed
...

skin
blastocyst
 The egg develops into a ________________,
which can become
any type of cell
...

 It receives chemical signals from the surrounding tissue and
develops
_________________
into spinal cord tissue, replacing the dead
and damaged tissue
...

nucleus
 The __________________
is removed from the egg of a
female sheep
skin
 The nucleus is removed from the ___________
cell of the
donor sheep and inserted into the egg
...

identical
 When it is born, it will be genetically _________________
to the donor sheep – it will make the human insulin too!
Self Check 4 – Short Answer
to make an exact copy of a gene
1
...
What are two types of cloning? _____________________________________________________________________
same is they make a copy using a egg
3
...
How are they different? ____________________________________________________________________________
A Bit Controversial
 Some people, including scientists, have issues with biotechnology:
 Genetically Modified (GM) foods may have _________
__________
side
affects we don’t know about
...

god
 We shouldn’t be “playing” _____
...

__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________



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