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UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN
FACULTY OF ARTS
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
COURSE CODE : ENG 329
COURSE TITLE:
ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN NIGERIA
PROJECT TOPIC:
ATTITUDES TOWARDS ENGLISH
GROUP 4

Names of registered student
1)Oladeji Kehinde Ebenezer
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4)Olapade adenike Ikimot

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5)Oyeniyi kehinde Emmanuel

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6)oloruntuyi Similoluwa Grace

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7)Oyewunmi Atinuke Temitope

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8)Oyedele Esther Olamide

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9)Qomordeen Afeez Olawale

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10)Sodiq memunat Alaba
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13)Onasoga Eniola Victoria
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15)Oladipo Tawakalitu Adebimpe

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16)Oladimeji Olamide Adedayo
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18)Oyinloye Olajumoke Christiana
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22)Salami Bolaji Abdulazeez

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23)Olanrewaju Oluwadamilola Imisioluwa
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26)Olanrewaju ojeyemi dolapo
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30)Shuaib Lateef Adinoyi

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31)Omuya Victoria ozohu
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33)Olorunfemi Mofeoluwa Olumide

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34)Omokanye Kehinde Victoria
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36)SHOTE PRECIOUS KEHINDE

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37)Oluwafemi inioluwa Racheal
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39)Sole Gloria Ayowamiri

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40)Oyegoke Oluwabukunmi Oreoluwa

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41)Omotosho Eunice Oluwadara

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42)Olatayo Victor Oladapo
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45)Olatoye Seun Adeola
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47)Oladimeji Monisola Mary-Magdalene
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50)Oluseye Ifeoluwa Favour
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54)Saad Sofiat Abidemi

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55)Omotola Lukman Ayodelemi

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56)Sanni Toyosi Victoria
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58)Oluseye Ifeoluwa Favour
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60) OWATI Idowu Precious
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Some people view it positively, as a valuable tool for
communication and understanding
...
So, there are many different perspectives on the English
language, and it's a complex and nuanced issue
...
People may feel that English is a
useful and important language, but they may also feel that it has negative associations with
colonialism and cultural dominance
...

An ambivalent attitude towards the English language implies having mixed feelings or
contradictory emotions about English language
...
Positive Aspects:
- English is a global language, facilitating communication and connections across cultures
...

- English literature and media offer a rich source of entertainment and knowledge
...

- Access to Resources: Proficiency in English provides access to a wealth of information,
academic resources, and opportunities
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2
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- Learning English may be challenging for non-native speakers, leading to feelings of
inadequacy or frustration
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Cultural Dominance: English's prevalence can sometimes overshadow or marginalize other
languages and cultures
...

-Language Barriers: For non-native speakers, mastering English can be challenging, leading to
feelings of inadequacy or exclusion
...

The role of English language as a global language of culture
...
This has led to the spread of English language media, such as
movies, music, and books
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English as a lingua Franca, which is a language that is used for communication between
people who do not share a common native language
...
Another role of English is as a
global language of power, which means that, it is associated with economic and political power
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Another aspect of cross cultural attitude towards English is the debate over whether it should
be a global language
...
And some people believe that no one language should dominate as a global
language, and that people should be able to communicate with their own languages
...

In other countries, such as France, there is more negative attitude towards English, and it is
seen as a threat to local language and culture
...
And then there are some countries that have
a more neutral or ambivalent
...
For example, in Japan, English is seen as both a valuable language for communication
and business, but it is also associated with America in cultural influence, in countries like
Sweden and Finland, English is seen as a useful tool for communication, but there is also a
strong emphasis on maintaining the local language
...

In the formal British colonies, there is often a complicated relationship with English, on the
one hand, English is seen as a legacy of colonialism and it may be associated with negative
feelings about the colonial past
...
Another example is
countries like Germany and France, where English is seen as a necessity for business in other
for us to further understand what we are saying in essence below contains factors of cross
cultural attitudes towards English:
1
...
For example, in former British colonies like India or
Nigeria, English may be viewed as a legacy of colonialism, leading to complex attitudes that
blend pride in proficiency with concerns about cultural imperialism
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Official Language Status: In some countries, English is an official or national language
alongside indigenous languages
...

3
...
In countries where English is a medium of instruction or a requirement
for academic and professional success, it may be highly valued
...

4
...
For example,
in some societies, proficiency in English is associated with modernity, cosmopolitanism, and
access to global opportunities
...

5
...
This can lead
to positive attitudes towards English as a tool for international understanding and collaboration
...
Language Policy and Planning:Government language policies, such as promoting
bilingualism or multilingualism, can influence attitudes towards English
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7
...
For example, the dominance of Englishlanguage music, films, and literature in global markets can influence perceptions of English as a
cultural and creative force
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Here are
some themes:
Economic and Educational Opportunities: Many view English proficiency as essential for
accessing higher education, job opportunities, and global markets
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Language Imperialism: English's dominance as a global lingua franca has led to concerns about
cultural imperialism and the erosion of linguistic diversity
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Social Status and Prestige: English proficiency is often associated with social status, modernity,
and cosmopolitanism
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Difficulty of Learning: While English is widely learned around the world, it is also perceived as a
challenging language due to its irregular spelling, complex grammar, and diverse vocabulary
...

Cultural Capital: English proficiency is sometimes viewed as a form of cultural capital,
particularly in fields like academia, business, and diplomacy
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National Identity and Resistance: In contexts where English represents a colonial legacy, there
may be sentiments of resistance or ambivalence towards its adoption
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Globalization and Connectivity: English is often celebrated for its role in fostering global
communication, collaboration, and understanding
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Overall, cross-cultural attitudes towards English are complex and multifaceted, reflecting a
range of historical, social, political, and cultural factors
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Historical perspective on attitude towards English
When we talk about "historical perspectives on attitudes towards English", we're referring to
how people have viewed the English language throughout history
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But after decolonization, attitudes
began to shift, and people started to see the benefits of English as a global language
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INTRODUCTION
Perceptions towards the English language have evolved a lot over the last 1500 years
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n most societies, dominant groups and elites have been
considered has speaking a more prestigious language while the language of the people was
thought low and base
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The following essay will be a brief history of
attitudes towards the English language starting in its earliest times to the modern times after its
expansion by colonization and the development of modern linguistics
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Ｉ

BILINGUALISM, TRILINGUALISM AND TOLERANCE
The modern view of a unified English language associated to a prestigious standard is quite
recent in the history of attitudes towards English
...
To get a full picture of the evolution of attitudes, we need to go back to the
first days of English, when Germanic speakers from Continental Europe came to the British Isles
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The first views on language were written during the Old English period
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The first Old English texts were produced
around the 9th century by poets heavily under the influence of Latin and Christian literature
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Most poets
were anonymous
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Sir William Jones observed in 1786 that Sanskrit a language

that was spoken as far as back as India bore close syntactic resemblance to a common
ancestor of English and other main European languages
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It brought forth the view that most languages were related and part of
bigger families and evolved then diverged from each other with time
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His influential view meant that languages are irreversibly different in their core
semantic system once they part from each other
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The effect that it will have on school of grammars and public perception in the long
term is unknown
...
In the United-States and Britain,
English is seen, just like it has been seen from the 16th century, well spoken only by the
powerful and educated
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This might become
an issue as ex-British colonies develop their own Englishes
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Linguistics imperialism and attitudes towards English
"Linguistic imperialism" refers to the way that the dominance of the English language has
affected other languages and cultures
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Some people see
linguistic imperialism as a form of cultural imperialism, in which the culture and values of
English-speaking countries are imposed on other cultures
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For example, English has become the dominant language of international
business, science, and academia
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English is also the dominant language of the internet, which has led to the
marginalization of other languages
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Language imperialism refers to the dominance or imposition of one language over others, often
driven by political, economic, or cultural power
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Attitudes towards English vary globally
...
However, there's also concern about linguistic
hegemony, where the dominance of English may marginalize other languages and cultures
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In non-English-speaking countries, there can be both admiration
for English as a gateway to global opportunities and resentment for its potential to erode local
languages and traditions
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There are many factors that affect linguistic imperialism and attitudes towards English
...
Another factor is the economic and political power of English-speaking
countries, which has made English an important language for global communication
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And finally, popular culture, such as movies, music, and television, often promotes the
use of English
...

He explains the growing dominance of the English language gracefully, without straying too far
from the realm of facts into the no-man’s-land of opinions
...
People observes that when native speakers of English think of their language’s
relative significance in the world, they “may feel pride […] but [their] pride may be tinged with
concern, when they realize that people in other countries may not want to use the language in
the same way that [the native speakers] do, and are changing it themselves” This statement
provides interests because, true as it is, to see the fact laid out so baldly in text reminds us of
how silly it sometimes seems to be proud and defensive of something that arbitrarily occurred
(a native English speaker happened to have been raised in an area where English was the main
language) and that a person, as is most often the case, has not made any major contributions to
personally (such as by the invention of a new and widely-used word, or even the inspiration for
the change in usage of an old word)
...
It
has been considered or realized that it has been just since the 1950’s that the use and influence
of English around the world has begun to increase significantly
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I was particularly interested in his story of the transmission of the first radio telecommunication
signals, which were in English
...
However, as Crystal highlights, the implications
and eventual outcome of this – that within a quarter of a century public radio broadcasting
would be made for the first time, in English, and would eventually lead to the establishment
(though unofficial) of English as a lingua franca in international politics, could not possibly have
been foreseen
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In addition to making clear the means by which the English language has been learned and
spoken by an unprecedented number of people
...
It is a valuable
skill that allows individuals to communicate with people from different linguistic backgrounds
and cultures
...

In many countries, English is seen as a prestigious language and is often associated with
opportunities for education, employment, and social mobility
...
English proficiency is often highly valued and can open doors to
international job markets and academic opportunities
...
In some regions, there may be
concerns about the potential dominance of English and its impact on local languages and
cultures
...
This can lead to a sense of language loss
and cultural identity challenges
...
English
proficiency is often associated with higher socio-economic status, and individuals from
privileged backgrounds may have more positive attitudes towards English
...

It's important to note that attitudes towards English can be influenced by historical factors as
well
...
Additionally, attitudes towards English
can also be shaped by political factors, such as language policies and the role of English in
government, education, and media
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It's essential to respect and value
the diversity of languages and cultures while also recognizing the practical benefits that
multilingualism and English proficiency can bring
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English is a universal language
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It serves various functions and
uses all over the world
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There has been diverse attitudes toward English in a multilingual society
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In some multilingual territories,the attitude towards English is seen to reflect their colonial
heritage by using the English language as their official language, e
...
etc
...

A multilingual individual can have a negative attitude towards English, because of illiteracy or
not being fluent in English, this can come in the place of code mixing and code switching of
words and languages within the use of English
...
g
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In conclusion, the attitude towards English in a multilingual society, covers the linguistic
landscape and attitudinal behavior of a multilingual community towards English
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Attitudes
towards ESL vary
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ESL is the process of learning English by individuals who speak another language as their

primary language
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People learn
ESL for various reasons, such as for education, work, travel, or simply to expand their horizons
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Some people may approach it with enthusiasm, seeing it as an opportunity to connect with
others, access more opportunities, and broaden their perspectives
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On the other hand, some individuals may have mixed feelings or find learning English as a
second language more difficult
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However, it's important to remember that with dedication,
practice, and a positive mindset, anyone can become proficient in English
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Embracing the language and culture, seeking opportunities to practice, and being open to
making mistakes and learning from them are key elements in achieving success in learning
English as a second language
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On
one hand, many native English speakers are proud of their language and consider it to be a
valuable and important part of their culture and identity
...
There is also a significant
amount of variation within native English speakers' attitudes, with different groups of speakers
holding different views
...

In addition to these broad trends, there are also some specific attitudes that native English
speakers may hold towards their language
...
This attitude often places a strong emphasis on the use of 'standard'
English and may view non-standard varieties as 'incorrect'
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There is also
a significant amount of variation within native English speakers' attitudes, depending on factors
such as age, education level, social class, geographical location, and ethnicity
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Similarly, speakers with a higher level of education may have
a different perspective on English than those with a lower level of education
...
Finally, ethnic background can also play a role, with some speakers viewing English
as a symbol of cultural identity, while others may view it as a tool of oppression
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Some take pride in the
language's richness and global influence, while others may be more casual or indifferent
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Overall, attitudes are diverse and influenced by cultural, educational, and personal factors
...
Others may embrace linguistic diversity, appreciating various accents and regional
expressions
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However, it's important to recognize that individual attitudes toward
English can be nuanced and influenced by factors such as education, exposure to different
dialects, and personal experiences
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Educators attitude towards English language
The attitudes of educators towards the English language have changed over time
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This often led to a negative view of regional dialects
and non-standard varieties of English
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There is now a recognition that
there are many different varieties of English, and that they are all vali
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In the past, native speakers were often seen as the ideal
language teachers, and non-native speakers were often seen as less qualified or less competent
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This is due in part to the increase in the number of English learners around the world, and the
fact that non-native speakers can bring valuable insights to the language learning process
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Another way in which educators' attitudes towards English have changed is in the recognition
of the importance of culture in language learning
...
However, it is
now recognized that culture is an essential part of language learning, and that students need to
be exposed to different cultural perspectives and experiences in order to fully understand the
language
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One more shift in educators' attitudes towards English has been the recognition of the
importance of language learning for specific purposes
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However, in recent years, there
has been a growing recognition of the need for language learning that is specific to certain

fields or professions
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For example, there are
now many courses and materials that focus on English for medical professionals, English for
business, or English for academic purposes
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In the
past, there was a tendency to view language learners as passive recipients of language
knowledge, with little or no agency in the learning process
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This has led to a greater focus on learner autonomy, motivation, and self-directed learning
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In the past, assessment was often seen as a way to measure and evaluate
language proficiency, with a focus on end-of-course or end-of-program tests
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This type of assessment can take the form of self-assessment, peer-assessment, or teacher
feedback

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