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Electric
...

Electrical wires
...

Main transmissions:
1
...
In a vacuum-are electrons evaporated from heated metal;
3
...
In electrolytes-positive and negative ions;
5
...

Substances with a high concentration of electrical charge carriers are called
WIRES
...

The main charge carriers in metals are: free electrons
...

As the temperature increases,

the resistance of metals increases
...

Knowing that

and

, we get :

The intensity of the electric field inside the metal wire is determined by the
following formula:

𝑬= 𝑼/𝒍
𝒍 – is the length of the wire
When electric current flows in metals, the thermal and magnetic effect of current
is manifested
...

As the temperature decreases, the resistance of metals increases
...
This is called superconductivity
...
So energy
is not lost
...
The graph of the dependence of
the specific resistance of the
superconductor on absolute temperature is
given in the image on the right side
...
There is a magnetic field around the current
superconductor
...

Solutions and alloys of current-conducting substances are called electrolytes
...
Under the influence of water molecules, the molecules of the given
substances disintegrate into ions
...

As a result of an increase in temperature, the number of
ions increases, and the dissociation coefficient also
increases, so the resistance of the electrolyte decreases
...
When an electric field is
created, positive and negative ions move in different directions: negative ion – in
the direction of the positive electrode, positive ions –in the direction of the
negative electrode
...
At this time, the substance appears on the electrodes
...


Faraday's electrolysis law:
The mass of the substance separated on the electrodes is directly proportional to
the charge passing through the electrolyte:

𝒎 = 𝒌 ∙ 𝒒 ⇔ 𝒎 = 𝒌 ∙ 𝑰 ∙ 𝒕
...


Formula of electrochemical equivalent:

n is the valence of the substance
...
From the mass of the substance formed on
the electrodes:

𝒌(𝒎) = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕
...
From the charge passing through the
electrolyte:

𝒌(𝒒) = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕
...
From the severity of the current:

𝒌(𝑰) = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕
...

The energy released during the flow of current from the electrolyte is determined
by the following formula:

𝑾 = 𝒒𝑼 = 𝑰𝑼𝒕

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