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Title: Grammar Keychains
Description: Grammar keychains of all the English Grammar, explaining how to form and when to use it.
Description: Grammar keychains of all the English Grammar, explaining how to form and when to use it.
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GRAMMAR KEYCHAINS
(ENGLISH GRAMMAR)
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PRESENT SIMPLE
Affirmative: Subject + verb Present Simple
...
Interrogative: Do/Does + subject + verb without "to"
...
I play
EXAMPLES: She/he doesn't play
Do we play?
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Affirmative: Subject + am/is/are + verb Present C
...
Interrogative: Am/Is/are + subject + verb Present C
...
I am listening
...
Are we listening?
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PRESENT PERFECT
Affirmative: Subject + have/has + verb Past Participle
...
Interrogative: Have/Has + subject + verb Past Participle
...
EXAMPLES:
I have done
...
Have we done?
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PRESENT PERFECT
(TIME EXPRESSIONS)
Since: indicates the beginning of a period of time which
continues into the present
...
Ago: is used with a period of time in the past
...
She has been a queen for 12 years
...
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PRESENT PERFECT
(TIME EXPRESSIONS)
Just: a short time ago
...
Yet: something which is expected to happen
...
The concert has just begun
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We haven't finished the job
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Negative: Subject + haven't/hasn't + been + verb Past Participle
...
USE: actions beginning in the past and continues in the present
...
EXAMPLES: He/she has been working
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After verb "to be"
...
Occasionally at the beginning of the sentence
...
I often read a book
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He is always late
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Usually: 90% of the time
...
Often/frequently: 70% of the time
...
Occasionally: 30% of the time
...
Hardly ever/ rarely: 5% of the time
...
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PAST SIMPLE
Affirmative: Subject + verb Past Simple
...
Interrogative: Did + subject + Verb without "to"
...
I swam
EXAMPLES: She/he didn't swim
...
Negative: Subject + wasn't/weren't + verb ing form
...
USE: temporary actions in the past
...
EXAMPLES: She/he was talking
...
Negative: Subject + hadn't + verb Past Participle
...
USE: actions that happened before something else
...
EXAMPLES: She/he is listening
...
Negative: Subject + hadn't + been + verb ing form
...
USE: emphasises the duration of an action that happened before another action
...
She/he had been looking
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Negative: Subject + didn't + use + to + verb without "to"
...
USE: repeated situations in the past, which no longer happen in the present
...
EXAMPLES: He didn't use to write it
...
Interrogative: Auxiliar verb to be + subject + used + to + verb ing
form
...
I'm used to driving
...
Are you used
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GET USED TO
Affirmative: Subject + get + used + to + verb ing form
Negative: Subject + not + get + used + to + verb ing form
...
USE: new situations that are becoming familiar
...
EXAMPLES: He isn't getting used to going
on trips
...
Negative: Subject + wouldn't + verb without "to"
...
USE: repeated actions in the past
...
EXAMPLES: He wouldn't use to write it
...
Negative: Subject + won't + verb without "to"
...
USE: predictions, offers or promises in future
...
EXAMPLES: She/he will read
...
Negative: Subject + am not/isn't/aren't + going to + verb without
"to"
...
USE: predictions based on evidence in present
...
EXAMPLES: She/he is going to write
...
Negative: Subject + won't + be + verb ing form
...
USE: actions that will definitely be in progress in the future
...
EXAMPLES: She/he will be watching
...
Negative: Subject + won't + have + verb Past Participle
...
USE: actions that will happen at a specific time
...
EXAMPLES: She/he will has rang
...
Negative: Subject + won't + have/has + been + verb ing form
...
USE: to estimate an action's duration at a very specific moment in the future
...
EXAMPLES: She/he will has been speaking
...
USE: actions that are always true
...
EXAMPLES: If you want milk, you can go to
the shop
...
USE: to talk about future possibilities
...
EXAMPLES:
If we don't hurry up,
we will be late
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USE: to talk about imaginary/ hypothetical situations
...
EXAMPLES: If we went, we would
watch the film
...
USE: to talk about hypothetical past situations
...
EXAMPLES:
If I had won the lottery,
I would have bought a boat
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USE: questions which required more information
...
When: ask for time
...
Which: ask for options or choice
...
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QUESTION WORDS
Why: ask for a reason
...
How far: ask for distance
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How old: ask for age
...
How come: ask for reason (informal)
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PASSIVE VOICE
Subject + Verb (in the right tense) + object
...
USE: when we want to describe what is done to the subject
...
EXAMPLES: The beach is surrounded by
the sea
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Present Continuous: is being eaten/ are being eaten
...
Will: will be eaten
...
Past Simple: was eaten/ were eaten
...
Must: must be eaten
Can: could be eaten
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PASSIVE VOICE: BY
USE: to say who or what does the action
...
Means of transport: Will drives to the cliff by car
...
Repetition: Queen is becoming more obsolete year by year
...
Nearness: I live by Regent's Park
...
He said that he liked football
...
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REPORTED SPEECH (TENSES)
Present Simple: Past Simple
...
Present Perfect: Past Perfect
...
Past Simple: Past Perfect
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Future Simple: Conditional with "would"
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Future Perfect: would have + past participle
...
Can: Could
...
Should: Should
...
Today: that day
...
Tonight: that night
...
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REPORTED SPEECH
(TIME EXPRESSIONS)
Last week: the week before
...
A week ago: a week before
Here: there
...
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MODALS FOR ABILITY
General ability: something you can always do or can't do:
speaking a language, singing, dancing
...
She can't dance
...
i couldn't speak English
...
Negative: Subject + can't/couldn't/won't + verb without
"to"
...
They can't sing
...
i will speak English
...
Negative: Subject + don't have to/don't need to + verb without
"to"
...
They must do their
EXAMPLES: homework
...
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MODALS FOR ADVICE
Affirmative: Subject + should/ shall+ verb without "to"
...
Interrogative: Should/ Shall + subject + verb without "to"
...
EXAMPLES: Shall we end watching this
film?
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THERE IS/ARE
Affirmative: There is/are + noun
...
Interrogative: Is/ Are + there + any + noun
...
There is a light in the room
...
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THERE IS/ARE (TENSES)
Present Simple: there is/ are
...
Past Simple: there was/ were
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Future simple: there will be
...
Future Perfect: there will have been
...
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ADJECTIVES ORDER
Before nouns: never change form
...
USE: to describe features and qualities of people/animals/places/things
...
EXAMPLES: This house is small
...
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ADJECTIVES ORDER
Opinion: beautiful, brilliant, crazy
...
Physical quality: thin, fat, untidy
...
Age: young, old, middle-aged
...
Origin: British, French, Chinese, Spanish
...
Material: glass, metal, wood, plastic
...
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ED/ING ADJECTIVES
Ending -ed: describe emotions or feelings
...
This film is boring
...
This journey is exciting?
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COMPARATIVE FORM
Adjectives 1 syllable: Subject + verb + adj er/r/ier/double consonant +
than
...
Adjectives with 2 or more syllables: Subject + verb + more + adj + than
...
EXAMPLES:
You are stronger than me
...
We are more creative than
them
...
USE: to say that a person/animal/thing has more or less quality than anyone/anything else
...
EXAMPLES: He was the most popular in the
concert
...
They are followed
by a noun or pronoun
...
EXAMPLES: Alex and Mikel are in the house
...
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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
In: cities, continents, countries, regions
...
At: a general place, work/ study place, proximity,
addresses
...
Behind: something opposite other one
...
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PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
Between: space separating two peole/things/places
...
Above: something higher than other thing
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Opposite: facing something
...
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PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
In: seasons, months, weeks, decades, centuries, parts of the day
...
On: days, day + part of the day, dates
...
USE: to talk about specific times
...
EXAMPLES: I go to a festival in the
summer
...
That: for things
...
USE: to give additional info about a person or thing
...
Which holidays were cheap?
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RELATIVE CLAUSES
Which: for things
...
Why: for reasons
...
Why are you mad with me?
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COUNTABLE NOUNS
Objects: table, books, armchair
...
Clothes: skirt, shirt, dress
...
I want to buy three books
...
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UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Liquids: beer, milk, water
...
Foodstuffs: bread, butter, ham, fish
...
Can't be counted
...
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UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
Abstract things: anger, belief, trust, truth
...
Ideas: advice, happiness, fun
...
Group of things: baggage, equipment, furniture
...
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ADVERBS OF MANNER
After the verb clause
...
USE: to describe how is a person/animal/thing/place
...
David Bowie acted brilliantly
...
Adjectives ending -y: change -y to -i and add ly,
happily
...
Adjectives ending -able, -ible, -le: change -e to -y,
sensibly, sensibly
...
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Title: Grammar Keychains
Description: Grammar keychains of all the English Grammar, explaining how to form and when to use it.
Description: Grammar keychains of all the English Grammar, explaining how to form and when to use it.