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JOYCE
He was born in Dublin in 1882 into a middle-class catholic family, and his birth place always
remained one of his obsessions
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He also studied French and German, indeed later in his life he will be living in France and
Switzerland
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He shows particular interest in European culture, at the
point to define himself a European rather than an Irishman
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In 1904 he fell in love with Nora Barnacle, who worked as a
chambermaid in a hotel and together they left Ireland to go to Trieste, where they eventually got
married in 1931, after having 2 children
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Here he met Svevo, with whom he shares
interests and a strong friendship
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He also had some problems with
publishers, and managed to publish one of his masterpieces, Dubliners, only in 1914, even if he had
finished it in 1904
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From 1920, until 1940, Joyce and his family settled
in Paris, where they stayed until the German occupation of France
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This text was first published in Paris by an
American publisher in 1922, but was first printed in Ireland in 1918
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He eventually went back to
Zurich where he died in 1941
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It consists of 15 short stories on the lives of ordinary people in Dublin, which is the centre of
most of Joyce's stories and seemed to be the centre of paralysis as the author describes it
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Joyce uses both free direct and indirect speech, to allow the reader to enter each character’s
mind directly
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Symbolism is also mixed with realism because external details usually have a deeper
meaning
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PARALYSIS: is attributed to all dubliners, and it’s both physical and moral
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They try to change their life but they can’t because they are paralysed
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It is something every dubliner experiences

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