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Bio 156 Final Exam Study Guide 20242025 Edition
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Graded A+
"Animalcules and beasties" - ANSAntony van Leeuwenhoek
activation energy - ANSEnergy needed to get a reaction started
Active state - ANSpart of the enzyme where catalysis occurs
active transport - ANSEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
aerobic respiration stages - ANSglycolysis, krebs cycle, electron transport chain
alcholic fermentation occurs in - ANSBaking, wine and beer
Anabolic - ANSA process in which large molecules are built from small molecules
analogous structures - ANSBody parts that share a common function, but not structure
animal storage - ANSCarbohydrate
ATP synthase - ANSThe enzyme that make ATP from ADPand inorganic phosphate
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deductive reasoning - ANSthe process of applying a general statement to specific facts
or situations
Denaturation - ANSloss of normal shape of a protein due to heat or other factor
Diffusion - ANSthe process by which molecules move from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
DNA fingerprinting - ANSanalysis of fragments of DNA as a form of identification
DNA replication enzymes - ANShelicase, polymerase, ligase
Domains of Life - ANSBacteria, Archea, Eukarya
Dominant - ANSAn allele that is always expressed
Endergonic - ANSA chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to
proceed
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final electron acceptor - ANSOxygen
First accurate model of DNA - ANSJames Watson and Francis Crick
first law of thermodynamics - ANSEnergy cannot be created or destroyed
Forms of fermentation - ANSalcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
Gamete - ANSspecialized cell involved in sexual reproduction
gave the cell its name - ANSRobert Hooke
gel electrophoresis - ANStechnique for sorting molecules or fragments of molecules by
length
gene therapy - ANSThe insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person
with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder
Genotype - ANSgenetic makeup of an organism
GMO (genetically modified organism) - ANSPlant or animal whose genetic makeup has
been changed

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