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" colloidai in nHYe it serves as a

* PRIMARY PRODVCTIVITY DEPENDS ON

reSeTVoiY of nuhi ents
...

O Vaviety of envivonmental Fochors
O Avoilabitiy of nuhrients

9iretatsakor
" The Human further

Some mihvobes and velPase
inorgunic nutrienS occuy by the

photosyntheic capacity oF plants
...


YoduciVi

DE CoMpOSI TION DEPENDS ON
...

O chermi cal natme of derius
9 Ciimaic condiHon
...

Rest oF couYSP
...

QDECOMPOSITION :- Break docwn compla quickey - if
organie mOter into inorgonic Substan qnd oateY - deius vich in ni09en
ces tike crben dionide ,coater and
soluble subsHanes tike

nutrients he process caued decomposiken Sugar
...

inciuding fecal matey
...


OFagmentOtorConverted
Longe detikes
i
s
,
into smal
detrites
...


Tem?

Slow

ENERny Flow:
Tmp:- EHCept foY the deep Sea hyOYO ther mai ecosy SHem Sun is the oniyY
SouYCe of enevgY for al ecosYshem
on Earth
...


Cabalism-Baclerial and Fungal

enzymes degrade derlus
into simpIer inorganic
Substances
...

coIOUYAunidirecHonal
amorphous subsance catled
Humans
...
HIghly YesiSHan
mictbial acHon
"AreumulGHons of adatk

40

at an

Mremely

and undergops
derOMpoijon

SI00 Ue

FiOw oP enr943)

ecHY)

The green plant in the

-

ecosysem

terminology cre caled proeluceYS
...

"Some

Herbaceous
" cwOody plants
...


phyto plankon

" Based on the

" higher plant
...

Prinry consumers wilt be hebivotes
...

oceupy a
PICaCe in organisMs
the food chain hat SPecific
is mown
CAs their trophie
level
...


behis Fopd Chain (DFC)

" begins with dead organic maher

" made up of

decompos ers which re
herevovo phic ovganism
...


SecondarConsuTeD:
Animals that depend on pYimary

chains make

Primary

FirS rophic
levet

Producey (Plants)

1 onsumer

Phytoptank+on,
grass trees
...

The shanding crop is measred as the
ble mass Of living
ov the
(blomas)
numbev in a oyganisms
unit Yec1,

The numbÇr of tophic 1evpIs in the
SaprotrOPhs (Supioto decompose)
" Decormnposors Secrere
trazing Poocd chatn is TAsHicted os
cdigosve
(mzynes that breakdoun dedd and
ransfeY of enevgy fouoLo 10 peY
cOaste materials into Simple ovyanic Cent law
...


SUCCESSI ON
11 Succession

2 succesion

Eg newly co oled tava, brte vOCK,

neoly euted pend Iresevvoir

|succesion is sloDeY as iF atakes
mition oF YeaY fo% soit Fevmaion

Begln in oYeas cwhere naBural
biokc communities hwe hepn

destvoyed such a fomiands,
buned oY (ut FoOst fto0 ded
land

Sucesion ate is faster because
| Some soit oY Sedl ment is fask
...

ERAESGStnd
XERACH SUCCESION
HYDRACH SUCCESIO)

PlONEERS

Smal phy to P\anlkons

ROONHed Gubmer9ed piants]

ROOsed fLoated angiosperm

(Free- FIoaHng plants)
Mursh - meadow Scrub)

Tiees)
water b0dy

PiONEER SPECIES
Rock ,ichen
...


water quank
Succeeded by biggev planis)

Stabie Climate, com muniy ,Poresy
Remains stable til event i9

Land
...

Zoo

Aquanium

TeTresrial
Aquakc

’

of Nature
...


’ phytoplank ton
’ Some alegee

’ FloaHng submergedl

morginal plant found dat edges
...


LNpe:- Produchvit

converSion oP iexgarnic
ingrganiC
into orgonic matevial oih
he help
oPYadiant
energy of the sun by the
autobrophs

(TransfoY Of enevy

Eqt amd bite by

weHand

River

-Sea

...


Rate of biomass producHon is caled

producivity
...


different species occupying
diffefent levels
...


Components of

0

productivity

the

ecosYSem
...


* ONE Mst Remembey
5 Ecologican pyYamids :- Three TYpes
...

0 PYTamid of biomoss uPright
Species may occupy MoYe th
J Pyramid of
enerqy
...
one tvophic ieuP) in the same

a

ecosySHem cH the Some time
...


Al the pramids Of numbr of eneg9

Sc(Second
cry
(onsum e)

3,54,000

Pc(Primqy
(onsume)

108
...
842,000

producen)

Yand biomass aYe ubyight
...


AISO Pnerqy at a (ower rOphic IeUel
is always mote thcn at a higher
level

Tamid of biomass- a shap decvease in EHCePHOns)
blomass al highey tro phic levels
...
of energY is always
Trophic 1evel
DYY weigh+ cug m ypright
...
Each bcn in the engy

11
PC

EColO91al succesion

34

B09
...

PC

Communi necY a equilibvism
th the environment iS called
cimaH communiH
...


(An ideal prramid of ene90-aloatS
ueright
...


100T
I000T

PC

4 to,000T

PP
LOOn O00Jo

Suniigh

GCLe-AlSo Called bioge och emicd)
Slonding stare:- The mount of nuhients,
[Consumers) 4
Such 0s Caibon, nihogen ,
* NUTRIENT

PhosphoTUS, Cal cum, etc
...


Decomposikon

Nuyient (Ycle

naseous
Eg nibrogen
CqTbon

Sedimenk¡ng

E9:- Suphuy

PhosphoYUS

uptake
Soil SolUHon
Run off
JPO theving
ROcK minev alS
...


E:- Soil ,moistuYe ,PH
...


* CARBON CYCLE
" Fossil fuel also TepresSent a TeservoiT
of

Carbon
...


" DeCompOsers aiso Contvibute substan
Hially +0 (02
...


* PHOSPHORUS CYycLe)
" phosphorus is a major consiuen
OF biologlcal membrones
...


* The naHal Teservoir of PhosPho
TuS is TocK
...


*EcosySTEM SERVICES
"The Predueien
"The proclucts of ecosystem proceSSes
aYe named as ecosysem Servies

"Foy etample:- Hedthy For eS
ecosyShem puripy ciY and water
...
provide wildllfe hobitat

maintain hiodiyersily

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