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BIOLOGY B

OCR 2024
GCSE Biology B (Twenty First Century Science)
J257/01 Breadth in biology (Foundation
Tier)With Marking Scheme Merged

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Friday 10 May 2024 – Morning
GCSE (9–1) Biology B (Twenty
First Century Science)
J257/01 Breadth in biology (Foundation Tier)
Time allowed: 1 hour 45 minutes

F

You must have:
• a ruler (cm/mm)
You can use:
• an HB pencil
• a scientific or graphical calculator

*

J

2

5

7

0

1

*

Please write clearly in black ink
...


Centre number

Candidate number

First name(s)
Last name
INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink
...

• Write your answer to each question in the space provided
...
The question numbers must be clearly shown
...

• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working
...

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 90
...

• This document has 28 pages
...


2
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2024

3
1
(a) Draw lines to connect each organ system to its function
...

Cell
Nucleus
Organ
Tissue
[1]
(c) Which structure is the smallest?
Tick (✓) one box
...

Men

Women

All other
causes

All other

18%

causes
18%

Dementia

Cardiovascular
disease
29%

28%

& Alzheimer’s 6%

Dementia &
Alzheimer’s

Respiratory
disease
14%

12%

Cancer
32%

Cardiovascular
disease

Respiratory
disease
14%

Cancer
27%

Diabetes
1%

Diabetes
1%
(a) Which statements about the causes of death in men and women are true and which are false?
Tick (✓) one box in each row
...

A bigger proportion of women died of cancer than men
...

The same proportion of men and women died of respiratory disease
...

1
...

[2]

© OCR 2024

5
(c) Complete the sentences to describe the circulatory system
...

alveoli

blood

capillaries

impulses

nerves

valves

The job of the human circulatory system is to transport
...


around the body
...

The heart contains
...

[3]
(d) Which two substances do the kidneys filter from the blood to form urine?
Tick (✓) two boxes
...

The student removes 3 leaves from the same plant
...

Leaf 2 – they cover the upper surface of the leaf in waterproof grease
...


The results of the experiment are shown in the diagram
...

There are no stomata on the lower surface of the leaf
...

There are the same number of stomata on the upper and lower surface of the leaf
...

[1]
(b) Explain why leaf 3 did not wilt
...


...


...

Method
...

Expected result
...

[2]
(d) Which statements about stomata are true and which are false?
Tick (✓) one box in each row
...

Stomata allow water to enter the leaf
...

The size of the stomata is controlled by guard cells
...

Photosynthesis
Reproduction
Respiration
[1]
(f)

Which structure transports water up the plant?

...

Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
...

Gregor Mendel and Alfred Russel Wallace
...

A chemical called warfarin can be used to kill rats
...

A A mutation gave some rats resistance to warfarin
...
C
Resistant rats were more likely to reproduce
...

E The allele for resistance was passed to offspring
...


[4]
(c) Warfarin prevents blood clotting
...


...

Male birds have two Z chromosomes
...


(a) Complete the Punnett square to show that a bird breeder has a 0
...

Sperm cells

Egg cells

[3]
(b) Complete the table to compare sex determination in birds and humans
...

Only birds

Only humans

Both birds
and humans

Sex is determined by two different
chromosomes
...

In females, sex is determined by the
presence of two different chromosomes
...


...


...


...
[3]

(d) The diagram shows the structure of DNA
...

2
...

C

B

A

D
(a) Which letter shows the retina?


...


[1]

(c) What role does the optic nerve have in the functioning of the eye?
Tick (✓) one box
...

Controls the amount of light that enters the eye
...

Transmits nerve impulses to the brain
...

Cataracts affect the lens
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

13
(e) Surgical removal of cataracts in babies can be done, but there may be problems after surgery
...

All the babies grew a new lens within 3 months
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

14
7

Foot and Mouth is a disease found in cattle, sheep and pigs
...


(a) Name another type of organism that causes disease
...
[1]

(b) Foot and Mouth is spread between animals directly by contact and indirectly throug


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

20
10 A student is investigating how light intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis
...
10
...

Fig
...
1

Table lamp

Bubbles

Pondweed

Water

Describe the method the student will use with the equipment in Fig
...
1 to find how light
intensity affects the rate of photosynthesis
...


...


...


...


...


...
10
...

Fig
...
2

A second student suggests that the equipment shown in Fig
...
2 will improve the investigation
...


...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

22
(b) Fig
...
3 shows the effect of changing the light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis
...
10
...
10
...

Section A
Section B
Sections A and B
[1]

© OCR 2024

23
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

Turn over for the next question

© OCR 2024

Turn over

24
11 The diagram shows the feeding relationships of some of the organisms that live in an
Arctic ecosystem
...

A community
A population
An individual
[1]

© OCR 2024

25
(b) Complete each sentence by writing in the correct number
...
producers in the food web
...
herbivores in the food web
...

[3]
(c) A lemming has a mass of 82 g
...
Calculate the percentage mass the arctic fox has consumed
...


Percentage mass consumed =
...

(i)

Eggs contain protein
...
[1]

(ii) The yolk of the egg contains lipids
...

amino acids

fatty acids

glucose

glycerol

[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

26
(iii) A student calculates the surface area and volume of an egg
...
5
2
3
cm Volume of the egg = 50 cm

Show that the surface area to volume ratio of the egg is 1
...


[2]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2024

27
EXTRA ANSWER SPACE
If you need extra space use these lined pages
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AO3
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AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
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9

J257/01

1

Mark Scheme

June 2024

Answer

Question
(a)

Marks
3

AO
1
...
1

1

1
...
2b

2

1
...
g
...
g
...
1

2

1
...


Marks

AO

1
2

3
...
1b

ALLOW water (vapour) moves through
stomata
DO NOT ALLOW water (vapour) enters and
leaves through stomata
ALLOW openings for stomata

ALLOW the stomata were not exposed

✓

So less water lost

ALLOW moisture for water

✓

All stomata/stomata on both surfaces were blocked/covered
(in grease)

Guidance

✓

Any two from
Water (vapour) is lost through stomata

June 2024

✓

ALLOW no water lost
ALLOW for 2 marks water was not able to
leave through the stomata

(c)

(Method) don’t cover either side of leaf (in grease)
(Result) wilting

✓
2

3
...
1

1
1

1
...
1

Marks

AO
element

1
4

1
...
1

1

1
...
1

Guidance

✓

Female gametes Z and W

✓

Offspring ZZ, ZZ, ZW, ZW

Z

Z

Z

ZZ

ZZ

W

ZW

ZW

✓

ALLOW ECF in the offspring if
male gametes are ZZ and female
gametes are Z and one other
(incorrect) letter e
...
T
(b)

2

✓
✓
✓
✓✓

14

2
...
1

✓

(Male characteristics develop) due to male sex hormone

Question
6
(a)
(b)

June 2024

B✓

(c)

Transmits nerve impulses to the brain

(d)

Makes the lens cloudy

✓

Marks
1
1

AO
1
...
1

1

1
...
1

1
...
1

✓

ALLOW blindness/sight loss
ALLOW sensitive to light
IGNORE short/long sightedness

15

J257/01
(e)

Mark Scheme
Any two from
(Yes)

2

✓

The treatment worked quickly

✓

Idea of (the study having a) high success rate e
...
100%/all
babies/12 out of 12

2
...
1

1

3
...
g
...
1

ALLOW do not share food/water/bedding
between animals

✓

Wash hands between animals
✓
Wear (disposable) gloves/clothing

Clean/disinfect boots/clothes before touching different
animals

✓

IGNORE just use chemicals

Clean/disinfect equipment between animals/do not
✓

share equipment between animals
✓
Clean/disinfect the environment e
...
pens/sheds

IGNORE vaccination

17

J257/01

Mark Scheme
(ii)

Any one from

June 2024
1

✓

2
...
1
ALLOW dead/inactive/weakened
virus/pathogen
IGNORE small dose of the pathogen
IGNORE denatured/harmless pathogen
IGNORE small/weak dose of the disease
IGNORE cells/part of the virus/bacteria
IGNORE vaccines contain antibodies

✓

✓

(Body produces more) white blood cells

ALLOW plasma cells/lymphocytes
IGNORE white blood cells if linked to
phagocytosis
IGNORE antibodies produce white blood cells

✓

(White blood cells produce) antibodies
(If infected with actual virus) white blood
cells/antibodies are produced quickly

Idea of production of memory cells

(e)

✓

✓

Any one from
Idea it would take time to build immunity

1

✓

Idea the vaccine would not help (prevent the disease) if
animals were already infected

✓

Idea vaccines are (only) used to prevent disease

✓

18

3
...
1
4 correct = 3 marks
2 or 3 correct = 2 marks
1 correct = 1 mark

✓
✓
✓✓
(b)

Any two from
Site of cellular respiration

2

✓

2
...
1
ALLOW squirrels unable to mix
with each other / are isolated

✓

Mutations (in individuals of the separate populations)
Environment/habitat/conditions/resources different (either side of the
canyon)

IGNORE the environment
changed
IGNORE each side is different

✓

Natural selection/the populations of squirrels became adapted to the

IGNORE the squirrels adapted to

different environments

their environment

✓

Over time the squirrels became so different could no longer
reproduce/breed

✓

Separate species as they could no longer breed/reproduce to produce
fertile offspring
(d)

✓

Population will reduce

✓

1

20

3
...
1

Guidance
IGNORE so they would know if the dog was ill
IGNORE if the dog had a high temperature they

✓

would need to know

Idea that as dog's body temperature is a range, an
individual dog may be normally at the higher or lower
end of the range
(b)

(i)

✓

First check the answer on answer line
If answer = 38
...
7 + 38
...
7 / 116
...
2

✓

116
...
76666
...
8 to 1 d
...


3

ALLOW small misread from the table e
...
1
decimal incorrect if working shown but DO NOT
ALLOW this as an ECF for marking point 2

✓

✓
ALLOW correct conversion of an incorrect
number to 1 d
...
for 1 mark
ALLOW 38
...
) / 38
...
1

✓

To calculate a more accurate mean
Idea of repeatability (to check precision)

✓
IGNORE accurate or precise unqualified
IGNORE reliability
IGNORE in case there is a fault with the
thermometer
IGNORE in case you make a mistake when you
record a reading

✓

21

J257/01
(c)

Mark Scheme
(No because)
Any two from
(Temperature) is not consistently over 40 (°C) / is only
over 40 (°C) for 1/1-2/2 hour(s) / is 40 (°C) (or above)
twice / only goes 0
...
2a
IGNORE the temperatures are consistently over
the normal range

✓

(After hour 4) the temperature decreases

✓

(By the end/ 7th hour) temperature had returned to
normal

✓

The mean temperature was 39
...
1

✓
ALLOW chemical reactions slow down

✓

(Pant/sweat more so) may dehydrate

ALLOW named metabolic reaction

✓

22

J257/01

Mark Scheme

Question
10

(a)

Answer
(i)

Marks

Idea that the distance between the lamp and
pondweed/(boiling) tube is altered

June 2024

3

✓

AO
element
1
...
3b

ALLOW use same mass/volume/concentration
of sodium hydrogen carbonate
ALLOW use the same light bulb/lamp if this is
not what has been changed
IGNORE references to reliable / accurate /
precise
Must be clear that that the gas is going into the
syringe/equipment not the boiling tube
IGNORE air/names of gas if incorrect

Idea that syringe/equipment measures volume (of
gas/oxygen)

✓

Bubbles have different sizes/vary in volume
Idea of counting errors of bubbles

✓

✓

Rate can be calculated as volume over time

✓
ALLOW the syringe measures the volume of
gas/oxygen = 2 marks
23

J257/01

Mark Scheme

Question

Answer

(b)

Section A

11

Answer
A population

(a)
(b)

(c)

Marks

AO

1
3

1
...
1

3

2
...
1a

Marks

✓

Question

June 2024

✓

First check the answer in table / on answer line
If answer = 91
...
914(63415)

✓

0
...
4(63415)

✓

ALLOW 91
...


to 3 sig figs = 91
...
5:50

/ 50÷50 =1

✓

67
...
35 ✓

1
2

1
...
1

ALLOW sodium hydroxide and copper sulfate

2

1
...
35 x 50 = 67
...
5 ÷ 1

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