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BIOLOGY A

OCR 2024
GCSE Biology A (Gateway Science)
J247/01 (Foundation Tier)
With Marking Scheme Merged

2
Section A
You should spend a maximum of 30 minutes on this section
...


1

Which structures are found in plant cells but not in animal cells?
A Chloroplasts
B Mitochondria C
Nuclei
D Ribosomes

Your answer
2

[1]

Which structures are found in prokaryotic cells but not in the eukaryotic cells of
animals? A Cell membranes
B Mitochondria C
Nuclei
D Plasmids

Your answer

© OCR 2024

[1]

3
3

The diagram shows the structure of a snake’s heart
...
net, SlideShare
...


Which sentence describes the structure of the snake’s heart?
A

It has one atrium and one ventricle
...


C

It has two atria and one ventricle
...


Your answer
4

[1]

Which two substances are the products of photosynthesis?
A Carbon dioxide and water
B Glucose and carbon dioxide C
Glucose and oxygen
D Oxygen and water

Your answer

© OCR 2024

[1]

Turn over

4
5

Which word describes the loss of water vapour from the leaves of the plant?
A Circulation
B Respiration C
Translocation D
Transpiration

Your answer
6

[1]

Which sentence describes the effect of gravity on the roots and shoots of a plant?
A Both the roots and shoots grow downwards
...

C The roots grow downwards, and the shoots grow upwards
...


Your answer
7

[1]

Which part of the eye controls the size of the pupil?
A Iris
B Lens
C Optic nerve D
Retina
Your answer

© OCR 2024

[1]

5
8

What is transported by red blood
cells? A Antibodies
B Glucose C
Hormones D
Oxygen

Your answer
9

[1]

Which blood vessel transports blood from the lungs to the heart?
A Aorta
B Pulmonary artery C
Pulmonary vein D
Vena cava
Your answer

[1]

10 Which diagram shows a red blood cell?
© lab-training
...
com
...
science-resources
...
uk, science-resources
...

The table shows their results
...

T

C

A

G

G

A

C

What is the base sequence of the complementary strand of DNA?
A

AGTCCTG

B

CTGAAGT

C

GACTTCG

D

TCAGGAC

Your answer

[1]

14 Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate
...

© www
...
co
...
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for
...

(a) Draw lines to connect each part of the microscope to its role in viewing the specimen
...


Objective lens

Makes the image bigger
...


Lamp

The part where the slide is placed
...

(i)

The total magnification of the microscope is ×400
...

Calculate the magnification of the objective lens used by the student
...
[2]

© OCR 2024

9
(ii) Fig
...
1 shows the image the student sees
...
16
...

Describe to the student how a scientific drawing is produced
...


...


...
[3]

(c) Fig
...
2 shows an image of a pollen grain taken using an electron microscope
...
16
...
com, Science Photo Gallery
...

1
...

2
...

[2]
© OCR 2024

Turn over

10
17 An athlete is running a 10 km race
...

(a) Describe how cells make
ATP
...



...


...


...
[4]
(b) During the race, the athlete’s body temperature increases
...

Response
Hairs stand up
Increases sweat production
Shivering
Vasoconstriction of blood vessels
Vasodilation of blood vessels
[2]
(c) During the race, the athlete produces a substance that causes pain in their leg muscles
...

amino acid

fatty acid

hydrochloric acid

lactic acid
[1]

© OCR 2024

11
(d) After the race, the athlete eats some food
...

© optimisingnutrition
...
Item removed due to third party copyright restrictions
...


...


...
[2]

(e) Draw a line to connect the boxes that describe the urine produced by the athlete after the race
...


High volume

Very concentrated urine

Low volume

Dilute urine
[1]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

13
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2024

Turn over

14
18 The diagram shows a hen’s egg
...

© OCR is aware that third party material appeared in this exam but it has not been possible to identify and acknowledge the source
...
A student tests the yolk for protein
...


Identify the reagent the student should use and the colour that this reagent will go if protein is
present
...

Reagent

Colour

Benedict’s

Blue-black

Biuret

Purple

Iodine solution

Red
[2]

(b) The hen’s egg is covered in an eggshell that lets gases through
...


...

These are the stages of the cell cycle
...
A Movement of the chromosomes
B Cell division C
Cell growth
D DNA replication E
More cell growth
Write the letters in the boxes to show the correct order of the stages in one cell cycle
...


C

E
[2]

(d) The size of a large hen’s egg is approximately 40
mm
...
4 mm
How many orders of magnitude are there between the hen’s egg and the bee’s egg?

Orders of magnitude =
...

(a) Complete the reflex arc diagram
...

effector

motor neurone

receptor

sensory neurone

stimulus

synapse

relay neurone

© researchgate
...
Item removed due to third party copyright restrictions
...
The
graph shows the relationship between the speed of nerve impulses and the diameter of

neurones, for both types of neurones
...
physiologyweb
...
Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for
...

Use numbers or words from the list
...
0

4
...
0

negative

positive

slower

faster

For both types of neurones there is a
...


identical

correlation between the

At a diameter of
...

Above that diameter, the speed is
...


© OCR 2024

in the neurones with a myelin
[3]

Turn over

19
BLANK PAGE

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

© OCR 2024

Turn over

20
20
(a)* A female is trying to get pregnant
...


The graph shows the female’s hormone level during a typical menstrual cycle
...
org, New Kids-Center
...


© OCR 2024

21
Explain when, during the female’s menstrual cycle:
•

having sex could possibly result in pregnancy

•

having sex is most likely to result in pregnancy
...


...


...


...


...


...


...
[6]

(b) The table lists some of the different contraceptives available to males and females
...

Method of
contraception

NonHormonal

hormonal

Stops sperm

Stops ova

entering the
uterus

(eggs) being
released

Condom
Diaphragm
IUD
Combined pill
[4]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

22
21 Some people have a condition called varicose veins in their legs
...

(a) What is the role of the valves in veins?

...
[1]

(b) Varicose veins are more common in pregnant females
...

Give one reason why this could lead to varicose veins in the legs
...
[1]

(c) The data in Table 21
...

Table 21
...
0

25–29

2403

32
...
5

35–39

5387

27
...
6

45–49

5713

34
...
9

55–59

4625

41
...
1

65–69

2271

40
...
3

with varicose veins who
are male (%)

Calculate the number of males in the study with varicose veins who were younger than 25 years
old
...
[2]
© OCR 2024

23
(ii) Which conclusions based on the data in Table 21
...

Conclusion

True False

More females than males develop varicose veins
...

The age range 50–54 has the greatest number of cases
of varicose veins
...

[2]
(d) The results of the study were published in a peer review journal
...


...
[1]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

24
22 A student investigates the effect of different concentrations of sugar solution on cubes
of beetroot
...

Step 2 Place each beetroot cube in a test tube containing a different concentration of sugar
solution
...

Step 4

Remove the beetroot cubes from the sugar solutions
...

They want to use the method above to collect the data they need, but have missed some
steps from the method
...


...


...


...
[3]

(b) State two variables that the student should control in this investigation
...

2
...

Repeatable
...


...


...

[3]
© OCR 2024

25
(d) Two of the beetroot cubes increased in mass
...


...


...
[2]

© OCR 2024

Turn over

26
23 In 2013, scientists researched the use of stem cells to reverse hearing loss
...

•

They used a chemical to cause deafness in one ear of each rodent
...


•

They transferred approximately 50 000 nerve cells into each rodent’s ear
...


(a)
(i) What type of stem cell will the scientists have used?

...

Can differentiate into any type of cell
Can differentiate into some types of cells
Easy to collect
[1]
(b) Results from the research showed that the 18 rodents regained an average of 46% of their
hearing
...

State three reasons why this scientist’s claim is incorrect
...


...


...


...


...
[1]

(c) The scientists discover that a different technique could one day be used to successfully treat
15% of the 10 million people who have hearing loss
...


Number of people =
...
You must write the question numbers clearly
in the margin
...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


...


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...


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...
OCR qualifications include
AS/A Levels, Diplomas, GCSEs, Cambridge Nationals, Cambridge Technicals, Functional Skills,
Key Skills, Entry Level qualifications, NVQs and vocational qualifications in areas such as IT,
business, languages, teaching/training, administration and secretarial skills
...
OCR is a not-for-profit organisation; any surplus made
is invested back into the establishment to help towards the development of qualifications and
support, which keep pace with the changing needs of today’s society
...
It shows the basis on which marks were awarded by examiners
...

All examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and unexpected approaches
in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and
skills demonstrated
...

© OCR 2024

Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations

J247/01

Mark Scheme

June 2024

MARKING INSTRUCTIONS
PREPARATION FOR MARKING
RM ASSESSOR
1
...


2
...
These are available in RM Assessor
...


Log-in to RM Assessor and mark the required number of practice responses (“scripts”) and the required number of
standardisation responses
...


Mark strictly to the mark scheme
...


Marks awarded must relate directly to the marking criteria
...


The schedule of dates is very important
...
If you experience problems, you must contact your Team Leader (Supervisor) without delay
...


If you are in any doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader by telephone, email or via the RM Assessor
messaging system
...


Mark Scheme

June 2024

Crossed Out Responses
Where a candidate has crossed out a response and provided a clear alternative then the crossed out response is not marked
...

Rubric Error Responses – Optional Questions
Where candidates have a choice of question across a whole paper or a whole section and have provided more answers than required, then
all responses are marked and the highest mark allowable within the rubric is given
...
(The underlying assumption is that the candidate has penalised themselves
by attempting more questions than necessary in the time allowed
...

When a question requires candidates to select more than one option/multiple options, then local marking arrangements need to ensure
consistency of approach
...

Short Answer Questions (requiring only a list by way of a response, usually worth only one mark per response)
Where candidates are required to provide a set number of short answer responses then only the set number of responses should be marked
...
The remaining responses should not then be marked
...
(The underlying assumption is that the candidate
is attempting to hedge their bets and therefore getting undue benefit rather than engaging with the question and giving the most
relevant/correct responses
...
)
Longer Answer Questions (requiring a developed response)
Where candidates have provided two (or more) responses to a medium or high tariff question which only required a single (developed) response
and not crossed out the first response, then only the first response should be marked
...

6
...
If
the candidate has continued an answer there then add the annotation ‘SEEN’ to confirm that the work has been seen
...


Award No Response (NR) if:
•

there is nothing written in the answer space

Award Zero ‘0’ if:
• anything is written in the answer space and is not worthy of credit (this includes text and symbols)
...

8
...
Please refer to
these comments when checking your practice responses
...

If you have any questions or comments for your Team Leader, use the phone, the RM Assessor messaging system, or email
...


Assistant Examiners will send a brief report on the performance of candidates to their Team Leader (Supervisor) via email by the end of the
marking period
...
Constructive
criticism of the question paper/mark scheme is also appreciated
...


Mark Scheme

June 2024

For answers marked by levels of response:
Read through the whole answer from start to finish, using the Level descriptors to help you decide whether it is a strong or weak answer
...
Using a ‘best-fit’ approach based on the skills and science content evidenced within the
answer, first decide which set of level descriptors, Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3, best describes the overall quality of the answer
...

The lower mark should be awarded where the level descriptor has been evidenced but aspects of the communication statement (in
italics) are missing
...

The communication statement determines the mark within a

level
...


5

J247/01

11
...

Annotation

Meaning

/

alternative and acceptable answers for the same marking point



Separates marking points

DO NOT ALLOW

Answers which are not worthy of credit

IGNORE

Statements which are irrelevant

ALLOW

Answers that can be accepted

()

Words which are not essential to gain credit

__

Underlined words must be present in answer to score a mark

ECF

Error carried forward

AW

Alternative wording

ORA

Or reverse argument

7

J247/01
12
...
This material includes:
•

the specification, especially the assessment objectives

•

the question paper

•

the mark scheme
...

You should ensure also that you are familiar with the administrative procedures related to the marking process
...
If you are examining for the first time, please read carefully Appendix 5 Introduction to Script Marking:
Notes for New Examiners
...
Your first point of contact is your Team Leader
...


AO1
...


AO1
...

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas and scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific ideas
...
2

Apply knowledge and understanding of scientific enquiry, techniques and procedures
...
1

Analyse information and ideas to interpret and evaluate, make judgements and draw conclusions and develop and improve
experimental procedures
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


AO3
...


9

J247/01

Mark Scheme

June 2024

For answers to Section A if an answer box is blank ALLOW correct indication of answer e
...
circled or underlined
...
1

2

D

1

1
...
1

4

C

1

1
...
1

6

C

1

1
...
1

8

D

1

1
...
1

10

B

1

1
...
1

12

C

1

1
...
1

14

D

1

1
...
1

Guidance

J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question

Answer

Marks

16 (a)

3
Stage

Objective
lens

Moves the stage up and
down so the specimen can
be seen clearly
...
2 4 correct lines = 3 marks
3/2 correct lines = 2 marks
1 correct line = 1 mark
DO NOT ALLOW more than 1 line for each
statement

Makes the image bigger
...


Light

The part where the slide is
placed
...
2



400÷10



=40

IGNORE units

11

J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question
(ii)

Answer

Marks

Any three from:

3

June 2024
AO
element
3 x 1
...
1 Assume answer refers to electron microscope
unless stated
ALLOW ORA for light microscope for each reason
IGNORE zoom

J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question
17 (a)

Answer

Marks

Any 4 from:
(Aerobic) respiration

June 2024

4



AO
element
4 x 1
...
1

Response

Guidance

DO NOT ALLOW more than two ticks, each
additional tick will negate a marking point
...
1

1

3
...
1

PLUS
Pancreas (detects)
OR

ALLOW any time/range between 12-1pm
DO NOT ALLOW 12am
Assume answer refers to insulin unless
stated
ALLOW sugar
IGNORE carbohydrate
DO NOT ALLOW glucose from food decreases
DO NOT ALLOW other named nutrients




Increase insulin (levels)

3
...
1

2

2 x 2
...
2 DO NOT ALLOW more than one tick in each
column



Purple
Red



(b)

Idea oxygen to reach the chick / carbon dioxide produced
by the chick to escape





1

2
...
1

1

2
...
1 DO NOT ALLOW more than 1 answer in each box





Relay (neurone)

Motor (neurone)

Effector
Sensory (neurone)

(b)

Positive
1
...
2b DO NOT ALLOW more than one option chosen for
each marking point
ALLOW 1



Similarity:

2

(They both) have a brain

2 x 2
...
1

Guidance
ALLOW idea of response/reactions will be
faster/quicker/take less time
IGNORE reflexes
IGNORE reference to speed of nerve
impulses/electrical signals
IGNORE send information from brain to eye

J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question
20

(a)

Answer

June 2024

Marks

Please refer to the marking instructions on page 4 of this mark
scheme for guidance on how to mark this question
...

There is a well-developed line of reasoning which is clear and
logically structured
...

Level 2 (3–4 marks)
Explanation of when pregnancy is most likely to occur
...

AND
Justified using some information provided by at least two from:
doctor, graph and scientific knowledge
There is a line of reasoning presented with some structure
...


6

AO
Guidance
element
2 x 1
...
1 Demonstrates knowledge and
1 x 3
...
2a hormonal control of ovulation
...
1a Interprets information from the
graph to explain when ovulation occurs
• states that the hormone/LH is highest
on day 13
• hormone/LH increases /peaks during
middle of the cycle
• ovulation/egg released on day 13
• accept annotation from the graph to
demonstrate when hormones are
increasing/middle of the cycle/peaks
AO3
...

most likely get pregnant:
• have sex around day 13 (allow range
11-14)/middle of the cycle (due to
ovulation)

Level 1 (1–2 marks)
Basic explanation of when pregnancy is most likely to occur
OR
Basic explanation of when pregnancy could possibly occur
...

The information is in the most part relevant
...


Hormonal

Non hormonal

Stops
sperm
entering
the
uterus

Condom





Diaphragm





IUD



(b)

Combined
pill



Stops
ova
(eggs)
being
released





20

Guidance

possibly get pregnant:
• have sex between days 8 to 14
• pregnant from day 8/five days before
ovulation/egg released (because some
sperm could survive for 5 days)
• pregnant up to day 14/ one day after
ovulation/egg released (because egg
can survive for 24hrs/1 day)
4

4 x 1
...


J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question
21 (a)

Answer





one direction
(b)

Blood/pressure builds up (in the legs)



(c) (i) First check the answer on the answer line
If answer = 578 or 577
...
1

2

2 x 2
...
76

(ii)

1

AO
element
1
...

Varicose veins are more common in
people under the age of 25
...

There are almost double the number
of people with varicose veins in the
age range 55-59 compared to 65-69
...
8 for one mark

True

False

2




2 x 3
...







21

J247/01

Mark Scheme

Question
(d)

Answer

Marks

Any one from:

1

June 2024
AO
element
2
...
3a



ALLOW use scales
ALLOW weight for mass

Measure the mass of the beetroot cube at the start of the
experiment



Measure the mass of the beetroot cube at the end of the
experiment

ALLOW weight for mass





Reference to blotting/drying the outside of the cubes

Guidance


IGNORE any references to measuring
concentrations/volumes or making the cubes the
same mass
ALLOW one mark for simply measuring the
mass/weight of the cubes, if no other mark scored

(b)

Any two from:

2

Beetroot cubes come from the same plant



2 x 2
...
2

Guidance

Maximum two marks awarded in each section

Repeatable:
(The student/they should) repeat the experiment/take
repeat readings



Reproducible:



Use different equipment / use a different method
Another student/person conducts the experiment

ALLOW use a different beetroot

In either section once only:
To see if the results are the same/similar /
make sure there are no anomalies

(d)

IGNORE compare the results
ALLOW reference to small range bars being more
repeatable



Any two from:

2

Water moves in (to the beetroot/cubes/cells)



2 x 2
...
1



(i)

Embryonic (stem cell)

(ii)

Can differentiate into any type of cell

1

(i)

46% improvement is not a cure / 46% is not a large

3

Guidance
ALLOW embryo stem cells



(b)

improvement / hearing is not fully restored



2
...
2a ALLOW answers referring to only 46% hearing
restored / 46% is not very high / less than half of
their hearing was regained
DO NOT ALLOW only 46%/less than half have
been cured/regained hearing

These results are only after 10 weeks / may not be a



Only 18 rodents were used / not a large sample size
long-term cure / have not observed long term effects

Idea that an improvement of 46% on average means
some may have less than 46% improvement



Only tested on rodents / results in humans might be
different
(ii)



Test the procedure on more rodents /

1

Monitor the rodents hearing for longer /

25

3
...
5 award 2 marks
10 x 0
...
2

ALLOW any correct calculating method



15/100 x 10

=1

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