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INTERNATIONAL INDIAN SCHOOL AL JUBAIL
CLASS X BIOLOGY
CHAPTER:7-CONTROL AND COORDINATION
1)How does the Information travel from one neuron to another neuron?
Ans: Information acquired at the end of the dendritic tip of a nerve cell,sets off a chemical reaction that
creates an electrical impulse
...
At the end of the axon, the electrical impulse sets off the release of chemicals
...

2)Draw a neat labelled diagram of neuron
...

Ans:Special tips of some nerve cells which are located in our sense organs such as nose, tongue, ear etc
...

Ans:Reflex actions are the automatic, involuntary response of effectors that is muscles and glands to a
stimulus
...


5)What is central and peripheral nervous system?
Ans:CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The brain and spinal cord constitute the central nervous system system
...

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
The communication between the central nervous system and other other parts of the body is facilitated
by the peripheral nervous system consisting of cranial nerves arising from the brain and spinal nerves
arising from the spinal cord
...


7)What is the function of fore brain?
Ans:The fore brain is the main thinking part of the brain
...
Separate areas of the forebrain are specialised for hearing, smell, sight and so
on
...

8) Draw a neat labelled diagram of vertical section of human brain
...
The target
organs or the specific tissues on which it acts includes the heart
...
The blood to the digestive system and skin is reduced
due to contraction of muscles around small arteries in these organs
...
The breathing rate also increases because of the contractions of the diaphragm and
the rib muscles
...
In this way, adrenaline constitutes a second way of control and coordination in our body
...
Thyroxine regulates
carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism in the body so as to provide the best balance for growth
...
In case Iodine is deficient in our diet, there is a
probability that we might suffer from goitre
...
Growth hormone
regulates growth and development of the body
...

12) What is the role of insulin hormone? Where is it secreted?
Ans:Insulin is a hormone which is produced by the pancreas
...
If it is not secreted in proper amounts, the sugar level in the blood causing many harmful effects
...

Ans:Many of the involuntary actions are controlled by the midbrain and hind brain
...

14)Write the function of cerebellum of hindbrain
...
It is responsible for precision of voluntary actions and maintaining
the posture and balance of the body
...
Muscle cells have special proteins called contractile
proteins that change both their shape and their arrangement in the cell in response to nervous electrical
impulses
...
So Information that a
touch has occurred must be communicated
...

Plant cells change shape by changing the amount of water in them, resulting in swelling or shrinking and
therefore in changing shapes
...


Ans:Some plants like the pea plant climb up other plants or fences by means of tendrils
...
When they come in contact with any support, the part of the tendril in contact
with the object does not grow as rapidly as the part of the tendril away from the object and thus cling to
it
...

Ans:Electrical impulses are an excellent means for this
...
Firstly, they will reach only those cells that are connected by nervous tissue, not each and
every cell in the animal body
...
The cell will take some time to reset its mechanisms before it cam generate and transmit a
new impulse
...

Ans:When growing plants detect light, a hormone called auxin, synthesised at the shoot tip,helps the
cells to grow longer
...
This concentration of auxin stimulates the cells to grow longer on the side of the shoot
which is also away from light
...

21)Write the function of gibberellins,cytokinins aa and abscisic acid hormones
...

Cytokinins promote cell division
...

Abscisic acids inhibits growth
...


Access Answers of Science NCERT Class 10 Chapter 7: Control and
Coordination
Questions Page number 119
1
...
They occur without
involvement of conscious areas of brain
...
Reflex action
occurs brain and spinal cord of central nervous systems
...
Walking is controlled by brain as is used when required
...
What happens at the synapse between two neurons?
Solution:
Between the synapse between two neurons electric signals are converted into chemicals that can
easily cross over the gap and pass on the chemical messenger to next neuron where it is converted
back to electrical signal
...
Which part of the brain maintains posture and equilibrium of the body?
Solution:
Cerebellum which is a part of Hind brain is responsible for Controls the motor functioning hence it is
the part reengaged in the maintenance of posture and equilibrium of the body
...
How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?
Solution:
Smell of an agarbatti is detected by Nose, olfactory receptors present in the nose sends electrical
signal to the fore brain
...

5
...
For
instance the sensory nerves that detect the heat are connected to the nerves that move the muscles
of the hand
...

Reflex action are generated in spinal cord and the information also reaches brain
...
Brain helps the person the person to get
awareness of the stimulus and prevent himself from that situation again
...
What are plant hormones?
Solution:
Plant hormones are the organic substances produces at certain sites of the plant and are
translocated to other parts based on the requirement
...
Ex: Auxin’s Gibberlin’s, cytokines, abscisic acid and
ethylene
...
How is the movement of leaves of the sensitive plant different from the movement of a
shoot towards light?
Solution:

Sl
...


Depends on the direction of
stimulus applied
...


5

Not a growth movement

Growth movement

6

Occurs very fast

Occurs slowly

3
...

Auxins are responsible for the cell elongation in shoot and also regulates growth
...

4
...
Auxins are present at the tip
of tendrils
...
This make them move to the other side of the tip to get support this makes the
other side grow faster than the side of tendril in contact with the support and the tendril bends
towards the support
...
Design an experiment to demonstrate hydrotropism
...

Procedure :
i
...

ii
...

iii
...

Observation :
iv
...

result :
It confirms that plant shows hydrotropism as the roots bend towards the porous pot of water
...


Questions Page number 125
1
...
Hormones are the chemic fluids that are secreted by specific glands of the endocrine
gland
...

2
...
If the intake of iodine is low, the
release of thyroxine from the thyroid gland will be decreased
...

3
...

When it reaches the heart, it beats faster to supply more oxygen to our muscles
...
It also raises the blood
pressure, and allows more glucose to enter into the blood
...

Adrenaline is a hormone secreted when a person is frightened or mentally disturbed
...

Adrenaline also increases the breathing rate because of contraction of diaphragm and the rib
muscles
...
These altogether occurs when our body respond to secretion of adrenaline into our blood
...
Why are some patients of diabetes treated by giving injections of insulin?
Solution:

Diabetes is a condition where insulin hormone is produced less or stopped by pancreatic cells of a
person
...
When insulin is not
produced adequately person blood glucose level which leads to adverse effects
...

Exercise Questions Page number 126
1
...

Cytokinin is a plant hormone whereas Insulin, Thyroxin, Oestrogen are the hormones produced by
animals
...
The gap between two neurons is called a
(a) Dendrite
...

(c) Axon
...

Solution:
Answer is (b) Synapse
Dendrite is a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other
cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body
...
The
function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles, and glands
...

3
...

(b) Regulating the heartbeat
...

(d) all of the above
...


4
...
What problems are likely to arise?
Solution:
Receptors are present throughout our body mainly sense organs
...
When receptors do not work properly, the environmental
stimuli are not able to create nerve impulses and body does not respond
...
Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function
...
Three main parts of
neurons are Dendrites, Axons and cell body
...

6
...

Phototropism occurs due to increased auxin on the dark side and decreased auxin on the illuminated
side
...

7
...
Message from brain will not be conducted to various organs of the body
...
How does chemical coordination occur in plants?
Solution:
Plant growth, development and responses to the environment is controlled and coordinated by a
special class of chemical substances known as hormones
...
The five major types of
phytohormone are auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, and ethylene
...

9
...
These organs must be carefully controlled and
coordinated for the survival of an organisms
...
These hormones are responsible for the overall growth and
development of an organism
...

Coordination is needed for all human activities we perform
...
The endocrine system (hormonal
system) helps in integrating various metabolic activities like reproduction, development, and all reflex
actions (cope up with various give up situations)
...
The stomatal opening in leaves opens up to allow in carbon dioxide gas, the roots bend
towards water and the stem grows towards sunlight, the tendrils in climbing pants are supported by
the hormonal system of the plant body
...

10
...
Rapid automatic responses to a stimulus without
the conscious involvement of the brain

1
...
Controlled by spinal cord

2
...
Very quick and instantaneous

3
...
May involve any muscle or a gland

4
...
Can be conditioned

5
...
Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in
animals
...


1

It consists of endocrine system which
secretes hormones directly into blood
...


2

Here response time is very long
...


3

Each hormone has specific actions
...


4

The flow of information is very slow
...
What is the difference between the manner in which movement takes place in a sensitive
plant and the movement in our legs?
Solution:

Sl
...


1

Movement in our legs is a
voluntary action
...


3

Plant cells do not have specialized
protein for movements
...


Frequently Asked Questions on Control and Coordination

What happens at the synapse between two neurons ?
Between the synapse between two neurons electric signals are converted into chemicals that can
easily cross over the gap and pass on the chemical messenger to next neuron where it is converted
back to electrical signal
...


How do we detect the smell of an agarbatti (incense stick)?
Smell of an agarbatti is detected by Nose, olfactory receptors present in the nose sends electrical
signal to the fore brain
...


What are plant hormones?
Plant hormones are the organic substances produces at certain sites of the plant and are
translocated to other parts based on the requirement
...
Ex: Auxin’s Gibberlin’s, cytokines, abscisic acid and
ethylene
...
Hormones are the chemic fluids that are secreted by specific glands of the endocrine
gland
...


Why is the use of iodised salt advisable?
Usage of Iodised salt is advisable to avoid the deficiency of Iodine
...
This affects fat, carbohydrate and
protein metabolism
...




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