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BIOLOGY- CLASS 10

CHAPTER- LIFE PROCESSES
COMPLETE CHAPTER NOTES

1)What are life processes?
Ans: The processes which maintain body functions and are necessary for survival are called life
processes
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The storage product of plants and animals are starch and glycogen
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1)Absorption of light energy by chlorophyll
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3) Reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates
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5)Define stomata
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Ans: Stomata are tiny pores present on the surface of the leaves
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2)It helps in transpiration
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The guard cells swell
when water flows into them, causing the stomata pores to open
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7)Draw a neatly labelled structure of open and closed stomatal pore
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To prevent transpiration, it takes
carbon dioxide at night
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Ans: The organisms which derive Nutrition from plants or animals without killing them are
known as parasites
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10)Explain the mode of nutrition in Amoeba with neat labelled diagram
Ans: Amoeba takes in food using temporary finger-like extensions of the cell surface which fuse
over the food particle forming a food vacuole
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The remaining
undigested material is moved to the surface of the cell and thrown out
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Ans: In Paramoecium since it has a definite shape food is taken in at a specific spot
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12) What is the alimentary canal?
Ans: The alimentary canal is a long tube extending from the mouth to anus
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14)What will happen if the mucus is not secreted by gastric glands?
Ans: In the absence of mucus, the stomach wall will get eroded by the action of gastric
hydrochloric acid which leads to ulcer and acidity
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Meat is easier to digest, hence carnivores like tigers have a shorter small intestine
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Instead, oxygen release is a major event at this time
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18)What is the role of rings of cartilage?
Ans: Rings of cartilage are present in the throat
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19)Draw a neat labelled diagram of the respiratory system
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Ans: In human beings, the respiratory pigment is haemoglobin which has a very high affinity for
oxygen
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Respiratory pigments take up
oxygen from the air in the lungs and carry it to tissues which are deficient in oxygen before
releasing it
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Ans: Refer page number 106 paragraph 2nd

22)Why do ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria?
Ans: Since ventricles have to pump blood into various organs, they have thicker muscular walls
than the atria do
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Ans: Valves ensure that blood does not flow backwards when the atria or ventricles contract
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So, body temperature depends on the
temperature of the environment
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25)How is blood purified in fishes?
Ans: Fishes have two-chambered heart, and the blood is pumped to the gills and is oxygenated
there, and passes directly to the rest of the body
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27)Write the differences between arteries and veins
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Since the blood emerges from the heart under high pressure, the arteries have thick,
elastic walls
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Since the blood is
no longer under pressure, they do not need thick walls, instead, they have valves that ensure
that the blood flows only in one direction
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Ans: Blood consists of a fluid medium called plasma in which the cells are suspended
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29)What is lymph? How is it formed? Write its function
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Through the pores present in the walls of the capillaries some amount of plasma, proteins and
blood cells escape into intracellular spaces in the tissues to form the tissue fluid or lymph
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30)Why do plants have a slow transport system?
Ans: Plants do not move, and plant bodies have a large proportion of dead cells in many tissues
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31)What is transpiration? Write its role
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Transpiration helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals dissolved in
it from the roots to the leaves
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32) What is translocation?
Ans: Transport of soluble products of photosynthesis by phloem tissue is known as
translocation
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Ans: Materials like sucrose is transferred into phloem tissue using energy from the ATP
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This pressure moves
the material in the phloem to tissues which have less pressure
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Example: In the spring, sugar stored in roots or stem tissue would be transported to the buds
which need the energy to grow
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The function of the heart is to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body and
receives deoxygenated blood from the various body parts and send this impure blood to the
lungs for oxygenation
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Ans: Because this makes their circulatory system more efficient and helps in maintaining
constant body temperature
36)What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
Ans: In highly organized plants, the transport system consists of vascular tissue, namely xylem
and phloem
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Phloem carries
nutrients and food from leaves to different parts of the plants through translocation
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Thus, there is a continuous water movement into the xylem
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38)How is food transported in plants?
Ans: Food is transported through phloem tissue in the plants
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The
food prepared by the leaves is transported in the form of a solution
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39) What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
Ans: Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for
cellular respiration
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This can lead to a deficiency of oxygen in the body cells
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40)What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
Ans: Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals
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Transport in xylem occurs with the help of simple physical forces such as transpiration pull
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41)Compare the functioning of alveoli in lungs and neurons in the kidneys with respect to their
structure and functioning
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Alveoli are balloon-like structures
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It is made up of one-celled thick wall which contains an extensive network of blood
capillaries
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Alveoli are the site of gaseous exchange in the lungs
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NEPHRONS IN KIDNEY
1
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2
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3
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Each nephron filters the blood and
separates the nitrogenous waste in the form of urine
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43)Draw a neat labelled diagram of the excretory system and describe its structure
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Ans: A nephron is the filtration unit of the kidney
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Functioning of Nephron
1)Filtration: Filtration of blood takes place in bowman’s capsule from the capillaries of the
glomerulus
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This filtrate contains
glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, salts and a major amount of water
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The amount of water reabsorbed depends on the need of the body and also on
the number of wastes to be excreted
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Urine contains dissolved
nitrogenous waste I
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urea and uric acid, excess salts and water
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45)What are the methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products?
1) The Oxygen end products of the photosynthesis get removed through stomata
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3)The excess of water gets removed through transpiration
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5)Some waste products are stored as resins and gums, especially in old xylem
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7)Some waste substance is also eliminated through petals, fruits and seeds
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When there is excess water in the
body, urine excreted out is high
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47)Draw a neat labelled diagram of the alimentary canal and explain the digestive system in
human beings

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