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Chapter 7 Learning Objectives:
Membrane Features:
1
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Core structures
i
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The phospholipids helps with protecting the cell from the fluids
ii
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There are in the integral proteins and the peripheral proteins
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Accessory structures
i
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Carbohydrates
1
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Cytoskeletal filaments
2
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They have a hydrophobic tail and a hydrophilic head
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3
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Properties
i
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The integral goes through the membrane
2
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Functions
i
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Also the protein helps with the direction that the cell moves in
4
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a
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Function
i
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5
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a
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Define diffusion
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a
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b
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c
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7
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Compare and contrast diffusion and osmosis
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Osmosis is the diffusion of water through the membrane
b
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c
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Give at least one example of
each type (relative to another type)
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Hypotonic- the cells becomes full to it’s max capacity
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The chocolate drink is hypotonic
compared to milk without chocolate
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Hypertonic- when the cell is at its lowest capacity dying
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Isotonic- when the cell is the same to concentration on the outside
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The milk is isotonic
as the other glass of milk
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Predict the direction of water movement based on differences in solute concentrations
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The direction of water movement would go where there is less of a concentration
e
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i
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f
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i
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Define facilitated diffusion
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a
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Facilitated diffusion is when molecules need help to pass the membrane, unlike regular diffusion
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c
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Distinguish between passive and active transport
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a
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Movement of molecules across cell membrane without need of energy input
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An example
would osmosis
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Active transport

i
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An example would be amino acids trying to pass through
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Describe the relationships between the following terms: concentration gradient, voltage, and potential
energy
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Concentration gradient –is the process of particles that move through a solution or gas from an area
of high number of particles to an area of low number of particles
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Voltage-is the energy that the cell membrane has
c
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Explain what physiological process generates Resting Membrane Potential and what mechanism exists to
maintain it
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The unequal distribution of ions on the both sides of the cell membrane creating membrane potential
that would be maintained if there weren’t any stimuli or conducting impulses across it
12
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a
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b
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Describe the process of co-transport
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One solute is passed through the active pump then it is coupled with another solute which is then
passively diffuses back into the cell
14
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a
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Ex
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Endocytosis- transporting molecules into the cell by engulfing them into the plasma membrane
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Having iron transported into the blood cells
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Compare and contrast phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis
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The cell uses its pseudopodia to surround the substance than it brings it into the cell, creating a
vesicle
b
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis- when the pinocytosis process happens but there is an extra coat that
helps coat proteins and form a vesicle

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