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Chapter 8 Learning Objectives:
1
...
a
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Anabolic
i
...
Also
catabolic releases energy while anabolic requires energy
...
Distinguish between kinetic and potential energy and have examples of each
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Kinetic energy
i
...
For example a rock going down a cliff
...
Potential energy
i
...
For example a rock on top of a cliff
...
Explain the first two laws of thermodynamics
...
1st-Nothing can be created or destroyed, meaning that energy needs to be either transformed into
something else or transferred
...
2nd- when energy is transferred it creates heat and it also is said to increase disorder
...
Define each component of the free-energy change equation: ΔG = Gfinal – Gstarting
a
...
The g-final is the energy at the end and the g starting is the energy in the beginning
...
Distinguish between open and closed systems and discuss why cells are open systems
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Open system
i
...
ii
...
Closed system
i
...
6
...
a
...
The free energy change is positive, that requires input of free energy from the environment
...
Exergonic
i
...
Describe the three main types of cellular “work
...
The three main parts are
i
...
Pumping across the membrane
iii
...
Describe the structure and function of ATP in a cell and explain how ATP provides energy for cellular
work
...
Structure
i
...
Function
i
...
Energy provided
i
...
Describe the function of enzymes in biological systems
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Function
i
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10
...
a
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Diagram and describe the catalytic cycle of an enzyme
...
12
...
a
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If the temperature is too high or too low then the enzyme is not able to function
b
...
They help the non-protein, a vitamin is considered a coenzyme
c
...
The inhibitors make it harder for the enzyme to become a part of the substrate
13
...
a
...
Binds with the enzyme by locking in the active site
b
...
The inhibitor is attached to the enzyme in a different, which alters the active site making it
impossible for the substrate to fit
...
Describe the importance of feedback inhibition
...
It is important to have feedback because when an enzyme is no longer needed the enzyme’s active
site is then blocked which stops the substrate from being used, this leads to not making an overload
of a bunch of product no longer needed