Search for notes by fellow students, in your own course and all over the country.
Browse our notes for titles which look like what you need, you can preview any of the notes via a sample of the contents. After you're happy these are the notes you're after simply pop them into your shopping cart.
Title: BONTRAGER CH10 BONY THORAX QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(LATEST UPDATE)
Description: Three (3) Structures that make up the bony thorax - CorreCt Answers - 1.Sternum 2.Thoracic Vertebra 3.12 pairs of ribs Alternative imaging modality to be performed if repeat PA projections of the SC joints do not clearly demonstrate them - CorreCt Answers -CT Three projections required for a Pt with trauma to sternum and left SC region - CorreCt Answers -1.15°-20° RAO sternum with breathing technique 2.Lateral Sternum on inspiration 3.10°-15° LAO of SC joint on inspiration Correction to be made on an x-ray of the upper ribs if the diaphragm is superimposed over the 8th ribs, which is in the area of interest - CorreCt Answers -Have the Pt suspend respiration during inspiration enough to move the diaphragm below the 8th ribs
Description: Three (3) Structures that make up the bony thorax - CorreCt Answers - 1.Sternum 2.Thoracic Vertebra 3.12 pairs of ribs Alternative imaging modality to be performed if repeat PA projections of the SC joints do not clearly demonstrate them - CorreCt Answers -CT Three projections required for a Pt with trauma to sternum and left SC region - CorreCt Answers -1.15°-20° RAO sternum with breathing technique 2.Lateral Sternum on inspiration 3.10°-15° LAO of SC joint on inspiration Correction to be made on an x-ray of the upper ribs if the diaphragm is superimposed over the 8th ribs, which is in the area of interest - CorreCt Answers -Have the Pt suspend respiration during inspiration enough to move the diaphragm below the 8th ribs
Document Preview
Extracts from the notes are below, to see the PDF you'll receive please use the links above
BONTRAGER CH10 BONY THORAX
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(LATEST
UPDATE)
...
Sternum 2
...
12 pairs of ribs
Alternative imaging modality to be performed if repeat PA projections of
the SC joints do not clearly demonstrate them - CorreCt Answers -CT
Three projections required for a Pt with trauma to sternum and left SC
region - CorreCt Answers -1
...
Lateral Sternum on inspiration 3
...
LPO
2
...
Sternoclavicular 2
...
8th Interchondral
Two (2) joints that are Synarthrodial or immovable - CorreCt Answers -1
...
3rd Costochondral
Breathing instructions for projections of ribs above the diaphragm CorreCt Answers -Suspend on Inspiration
kV range for projections of ribs above the diaphragm - CorreCt Answers Low to medium - 65-70kVp
Ideal body position for projections of ribs above the diaphragm - CorreCt
Answers -Upright if possible
Minimum SID for Sternum due to radiation safety - CorreCt Answers -40
inches (minimum 15" between Pt skin and collimator)
Breathing instructions for RAO Sternum - CorreCt Answers -Breathing
Technique to maximize visibility
Two (2) most important considerations for Rib Routines - CorreCt Answers
-1
...
Rotate the spine away
from the area of interest for axillary ribs
Two (2) chest pathologic conditions that may result from a rib injury CorreCt Answers -1
...
Hemothorax
Two (2) projections to be included in a rib routine when either
pneumothorax or hemothorax is suspected - CorreCt Answers -1
...
Lateral Chest
Average degree of rotation for RAO sternum - CorreCt Answers -15°-20°
Three (3) conditions for which bony thorax nuclear medicine bone scans
are normally performed - CorreCt Answers -1
...
Osteoporosis 3
...
Artery
2
...
Nerve
The end of the rib that is most superior - CorreCt Answers -Posterior
vertebral end
The end of the rib that is most inferior - CorreCt Answers -Anterior sternal
end
Difference in height between the two ends of a rib - CorreCt Answers -3 to 5
inches
Rib that articulates with the upper lateral aspect of the manubrium of the
sternum - CorreCt Answers -First (1st) rib - anterior sternal end
What rib attaches to the sternal angle? - CorreCt Answers -Second rib
Ribs at which the bony thorax is the widest at the lateral margins - CorreCt
Answers -Eighth (8th) or Ninth (9th) ribs
Minimum number of rib pairs that must be demonstrated on an acceptable
radiograph (PA cxr) - CorreCt Answers -10 posterior ribs
Movement type of the 1st sternocostal joint - CorreCt Answers -Immovable
- synarthrodial
Movement type of the 1st sternocostal joint (between 1st rib and sternum) CorreCt Answers -Cartilagenous, synarthrodial
Movement type of the 1st through 12th costovertebral joints - CorreCt
Answers -Movable - diarthrodial (plane or gliding)
Movement type of the 1st through 10th costochondral unions (between
costocartilage and ribs) - CorreCt Answers -Immovable - synarthrodial
Movement type of the 1st througth 10th costotransverse joints (between
ribs and transverse processes of T vertebrae) - CorreCt Answers -Movable diarthrodial (plane or gliding)
Movement type of the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints (between 2nd
and 7th ribs and sternum) - CorreCt Answers -Movable - diarthrodial
(plane or gliding)
Movement type of 6th through 10th interchondral joints (between anterior
6th through 10th costal cartilage) - CorreCt Answers -Movable diarthrodial (plane or gliding)
Classification for rib joints that have diarthrodial movement - CorreCt
Answers -Synovial
Numbered pairs of ribs that are classified as True - CorreCt Answers -1st
through 7th ribs
Numbered pairs of ribs that are classified as false - CorreCt Answers -8th
through 12th ribs
Numbered pairs of ribs that are classified as floating - CorreCt Answers 11th through 12th ribs
Characteristic that makes a rib a true rib - CorreCt Answers -It attaches to
the sterum anteriorly by its own cartilage
Characteristic that makes a rib a floating rib - CorreCt Answers -It has no
anterior attachment in the bony thorax
Name of the most posterior end of the rib - CorreCt Answers -Vertebral end
Name of the process on the rib that articulates with the vertebrae - CorreCt
Answers -Tubercle
Most lateral portion of a rib where it essentially curves the most - CorreCt
Answers -Axillary portion (angle of rib)
Medially facing surface of the rib containing arteries, veins and nerves CorreCt Answers -Costal groove
Name of the most anterior end of the rib - CorreCt Answers -Sternal end
Location (end) of the rib cotaining the neck and the head - CorreCt
Answers -Vertebral end (posterior)
What forms the costovertebral joint? - CorreCt Answers -The head of the
rib and the body of the thoracic vertebra
What forms the costotransverse joint? - CorreCt Answers -The tubercle of
the rib and the transverse process of the thoracic vertebra
Which ribs do not have costotransverse joints? - CorreCt Answers -11th and
12th
What is pectus carinatum? - CorreCt Answers -A congenital defect with an
anterior protrusion of the lower sternum
-pigeon chest / breast
What is pectus excavatum? - CorreCt Answers -A congenital defect with an
depressed sternum
- funnel chest
Reason why it is impossible to visualize the sternum with a direct PA or AP
projection - CorreCt Answers -The spine would superimpose - requires
slight rotation
Amount of obliquity (more or less) required for a frontal view of the
sternum on a hypersthenic patient - CorreCt Answers -15* (Less obliquity)
Amount of obliquitiy (more or less) required for a frontalview of the
sternum on an asthenic patient - CorreCt Answers -20* (More obliquity)
Amount of rotation to be used for the oblique position of the sternum for a
large or deep-chested patient - CorreCt Answers -15°
Ideal range for kV exposure factors as they apply to an oblique position of
the sternum - CorreCt Answers -Low - 65kVp - 70kVp
Ideal range for mA exposure factors as they apply to an oblique position of
the sternum - CorreCt Answers -Low
Best exposure time for an oblique position of the sternum - CorreCt
Answers -High - 3-4 seconds with breathing technique
Advantage of performing breathing technique for radiography of the
sternum - CorreCt Answers -Blurs lung markings and ribs, which improves
the visibility of the sternum
Reason for maintaining at least 40" SID during sternum radiography CorreCt Answers -Increase in patient dose, especially skin dose
Other imaging options available to study the sternum if routine RAO and
lateral radiographs do not provide sufficient information - CorreCt
Answers -CT or Nuclear Medicine
Ideal general body position to demonstrate an injury to the ribs found
below the diaphragm - CorreCt Answers -Recumbent
Ideal breathing instructions to demonstrate an injury to the ribs found
below the diaphragm - CorreCt Answers -Suspend on Expiration
Ideal kV range for demonstrating an injury to the ribs below the diaphragm
- CorreCt Answers -70kVp-80kVp (medium)
Type of radiographic technique required for an injury to the region of the
8th or 9th rib (above or below diaphragm) - CorreCt Answers -Above the
diaphragm
Rotation of the spine required to properly elongate and visualize the
axillary aspect of the ribs with respect to the area of interest - CorreCt
Answers -Away from the area of interest
Projections which should be performed for an injury to the anterior aspect
of the ribs - CorreCt Answers -AP or PA and Anterior or Posterior Oblique
Ideal placement of the area of interest with relation to the IR for injuries to
the anterior aspect of the ribs - CorreCt Answers -Closest to the IR
Two (2) rib projections which should be performed for an injury to the right
posterior ribs - CorreCt Answers -AP and RPO (to shift spine away from
area of interest)
Proper marking for the sites of injury when performing a rib series CorreCt Answers -Tape a small metallic "BB" over the site of injury
Projections to be performed in addition to a routine rib series if either
pneumothorax or hemothorax is suspected as a result of a rib fracture CorreCt Answers -Upright PA and Lateral Chest
Definition of a flail chest - CorreCt Answers -Pulmonary injury caused by
blunt trauma to two or more ribs
What osteolytic metastases of the ribs look like on an x-ray - CorreCt
Answers -Irregular bony margins
Criteria for the radiographic evaluation of the oblique sternum - CorreCt
Answers -Entire sternum should lie over the heart shadow and be adjacent
to the spine
Location of CR centering for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints CorreCt Answers -Level of T2-T3
Breathing instructions for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints CorreCt Answers -Suspend respiration on inspiration
Amount of rotation of the thorax recommended for an anterior oblique of
the sternoclavicular joints - CorreCt Answers -10°-15° from PA
Specific oblique position best demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint
adjacent to the spine - CorreCt Answers -LAO
Three (3) points which must be included in a patient's clinical history
before a rib series - CorreCt Answers -1
...
Location of rib pain or injury 3
...
RPO 2
...
PA 2
...
On
PA of the SC joint, the area of interest is superimposed over the spine Name the position which would better demonstrate this region - CorreCt
Answers -10°-15° RAO will project the right SC joint adjacent to the spine
Position to be performed for ER Pt with multiple MVA injuries
...
Sternum study ordered - CorreCt Answers
-LPO and horizontal beam lateral positions
Projections to be performed for ER Pt with multiple rib Fx - MD suspects
flail chest and Pt can stand and move - CorreCt Answers -Rib series - PA
and lateral chest study
AEC chambers to be activated for sternum and rib routines - CorreCt
Answers -None - AEC not as accurate as manual exposure controls for
detail
Breathing instructions for any SC joint projections - CorreCt Answers Suspend respiration on expiration
Projections to be performed for a unilateral rib study (ER Pt with right
upper anterior rib injury) - CorreCt Answers -PA and LAO - upright if
possible
Positions to be performed for a unilateral rib study (ER Pt with left lower
posterior rib injury) - CorreCt Answers -Recumbent AP and LPO positions
Recommended positioning routine for Pt with pectus excavatum - CorreCt
Answers -RAO and Lateral sternum (possibly a chest exam as well)
Alternate imaging modality other than radiographic studies for Pt with
widespread metastases involving the bony thorax - CorreCt Answers Nuclear medicine bone scan
Number of vertebral attachments per rib - CorreCt Answers -Four (4)
Location of area of interest (pain) for either AP or PA rib projections CorreCt Answers -Area of pain against the IR
Routine that is always performed if a pulmonary injury is suspected CorreCt Answers -Chest Study
Title: BONTRAGER CH10 BONY THORAX QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS(LATEST UPDATE)
Description: Three (3) Structures that make up the bony thorax - CorreCt Answers - 1.Sternum 2.Thoracic Vertebra 3.12 pairs of ribs Alternative imaging modality to be performed if repeat PA projections of the SC joints do not clearly demonstrate them - CorreCt Answers -CT Three projections required for a Pt with trauma to sternum and left SC region - CorreCt Answers -1.15°-20° RAO sternum with breathing technique 2.Lateral Sternum on inspiration 3.10°-15° LAO of SC joint on inspiration Correction to be made on an x-ray of the upper ribs if the diaphragm is superimposed over the 8th ribs, which is in the area of interest - CorreCt Answers -Have the Pt suspend respiration during inspiration enough to move the diaphragm below the 8th ribs
Description: Three (3) Structures that make up the bony thorax - CorreCt Answers - 1.Sternum 2.Thoracic Vertebra 3.12 pairs of ribs Alternative imaging modality to be performed if repeat PA projections of the SC joints do not clearly demonstrate them - CorreCt Answers -CT Three projections required for a Pt with trauma to sternum and left SC region - CorreCt Answers -1.15°-20° RAO sternum with breathing technique 2.Lateral Sternum on inspiration 3.10°-15° LAO of SC joint on inspiration Correction to be made on an x-ray of the upper ribs if the diaphragm is superimposed over the 8th ribs, which is in the area of interest - CorreCt Answers -Have the Pt suspend respiration during inspiration enough to move the diaphragm below the 8th ribs