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Marine biology – Unit 1
The moon is a natural satellite
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Gravitational Force - The attraction of objects with mass towards each other
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The tilt of the earth on its axis causes what we call seasons
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Core of earth: Inner core is made of solid iron, and the outer core is made from liquid iron
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As the
earth is spinning different parts of the planet are getting more or less sun
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And the other way round!
Iron is an example of a magnetic metal
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How can see animals navigate the great stretches of ocean? They have
their own internal compass built in so that they can sense the magnetic fields!
When an animal has an internal compass we call this Magnetoreception
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Plate tectonics The earth’s crust is actually made up of a number of tectonic plates
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’ Lighter, warmer
materials rise, and heavier, cooler materials sink
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This is what
moves the tectonic plates
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When they hit together it can form a ridge
or go down into a deep ocean floor trench
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Eventually
a plate slides under the other which is ‘subduction
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Divergent Plate Boundary This is when 2 tectonic plates slide away from each other
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Magma from the mantle
suddenly rises because of the gap
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This is called ‘mid ocean ridges
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The bit above the focus
on earth is called the epicentre
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Spreading out
from the focus
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This causes magma to rise up for pressure to then build and cause a volcano
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Tsunamis are all because of earthquakes or volcanos beneath the sea
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71% of tsunamis happen in the Pacific Ocean because there is an area of
all this
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Major Oceans – Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Southern
Arctic circle – 66 degrees N
Tropic of Cancer – 23 degrees N
Equator – 0 degrees
Tropic of Capricorn – 23 degrees S
Antarctic circle – 66 degrees S
Latitude is the lines on a map
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These 180 imaginary lines circle
the globe in east-west direction
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It is expressed as degrees North or south from the equator
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Down the centre of the map there is a
line called the prime meridian
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It measures
how far east or west from the prime meridian line it is
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The equator is a circle of latitude (0°)
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5
degrees creating our seasons
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Many
tropical rainforests are found in this region
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It is around 11,000
metres deep
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On average
oceans are about 4km deep but trenches are deeper
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The Bering strait is between
Alaska and Russia
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(a strait is a
narrow passage of water connecting seas or oceans)
Structure:
• Continental shelf + slope -slopes and shelves are at the edges of the crust
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A slope is when the shelf starts to go down creating the slope
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Occurring usually between10k and 20k feet
below sea level
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• Ocean ridges, trenches, and volcanic islands-these lead to volcanic islands
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It advances to its furthest extent onto
the shore (attracted to the moon’s gravitational pull)
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Tide range: difference between height at high and low tide
Tide amplitude: elevation above sea level (half of range)
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Rip currents are narrow streams of water
that move rapidly away from a beach
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Spring tide: Tides experienced during New and Full moon are higher or lower than usual
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This is caused by orbiting when the sun, moon, and
earth line up in a straight line affecting the gravitational pull
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At a low tide, the moon is
facing the earth at a right angle to the sun
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It usually happens when 2 spring tides happen, and it happens once a
month
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They are caused by things like winds, tides,
changes in water, water density and the spinning of the earth
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The
main gyres are: North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific and Indian



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