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Marine Biology – Unit 3
An organism is a living thing
Animal cells have a cell membrane (controls what goes in and out), Nucleus (Stores DNA and is
used for photosynthesis), Mitochondria (where respiration happens) and a cytoplasm (cell
growth and structure)
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One bacterium is single celled (prokaryotic cells)
The cell wall helps strengthen and support the plant cell
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Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight and help them produce glucose (food) in
photosynthesis
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They are filled with sap
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Asexual reproduction is the process where a single organism produces an offspring genetically
identical to itself
3 types: Budding, fragmentation and fission
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Coral)
Fragmentation – parent splits into 2 to grow into a new organism (eg Starfish)
Fission – parent splits into 2 or more parts to grow into a new organism (eg Sea slug)
Sexual reproduction is the process where two organisms reproduce to produce an offspring
Gamete (egg + sperm) > Fuses (fertilisation) > Zygote > Embryo > Birth
Internal fertilisation – Inside the female
External fertilisation – happens in the water

The Binomial system of naming species is an internationally agreed system used to name and
classify species
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For example, the scientific name of the killer whale is orcinus orca
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Prokaryotic domain has no nucleus (bacteria) and the eukaryotic domain has a nucleus
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Pelvic
Movement
Roll, Circling, Forwards (Dorsal and anal use)
Pitch, head up and down (pectoral and anal use)
Yaw, Sideways (pectoral and pelvic use)
Thrust, forward force (Caudal do thrust and pectoral brake)

Mammals have long gestation and parental periods
Migration is the long term movement of an animal from 1 location to another
Horizontal – New location Vertical – Move into the same place just different area
Migration could be caused by mates, avoiding predators, food availability etc



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