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Marine biology - Unit 5
Ecology is the study of the behaviour of living organisms
Members of the same species don’t always look similar or exact (sexual dimorphism)
Hybrids are offsprings of 2 parents belonging to different species
Ecosystem
Population is the number of organisms of 1 species living in an area at the same time
A community is all of the population’s different species
Habitat = Home
Environment = external surroundings
Coastal ecosystems: higher chlorophyll, shallow, surface run-off, upwelling, susceptible to
human activity
If it’s an ecosystem found along the continental shelf or slope it is a coastal ecosystem
...
These are the most
endangered habitats

Sedimentary shores
Abiotic - unstable sand, air temp, exposure
Biotic - lack of shelter, food avaliability
Open ocean ecosystems are areas far from the continental shelf and slope
Epipelagic zone - Surface, enough light for photosynthesis, sunlight zone
Mesopelagic zone - Middle, less light, twilight zone
Bathypelagic zone - deep, no light, midnight zone
Abyssopelagic zone - the abyss
Hadal zone - the trenches
Pelagic zone - total volume of water in the ocean/seas not touching land
Benthic zone - seabed
Quadrat - square frame, calculates organisms in 1 area, species richness, number of an
individual species, percentage cover



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