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ENTREPRENEURIAL CHARACTER STUDIES
Entrepreneurship is a human process related to creativity and innovation in understanding
opportunities, organizing resources, managing so that the opportunities are realized into a
business that is able to generate profits or value for a long period of time
...
In this chapter, we will discuss in more depth the
character of an entrepreneur based on the opinions of entrepreneurship experts and
businessmen themselves
...
1 Entrepreneurial Character
According to David (1996) the characteristics possessed by an entrepreneur fulfill the
requirements of competitive advantage for a company/organization, such as innovative,
creative, adaptive, dynamic, ability to integrate, ability to take risks on decisions made, integrity,
fighting spirit, and code of ethics will certainly realize the effectiveness of the
company/organization
...

According to Bygrave (1996), the character of an entrepreneur is a combination of various
positive mental attitudes and requires processes that originate from both internal and external
sources, as shown in Figures 1 and 2
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Motivation to achieve
2
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Creativity
4
...
Tenacity
6
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Communicative and reflective
8
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Locus of Control
10
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Respect for money
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2
...
1 Have High Creativity
According to Theodore Levit, creativity is the ability to think new and different
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According to Zimmerer in Suryana (2003: 24) revealed that creative ideas often emerge when
entrepreneurs see something old and think of something new and different
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Innovation is the ability
to apply creativity in order to solve problems and opportunities to improve and enrich life
(innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to those problems and opportunities to
enhance or to enrich people's lives)
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Creativity is creating something that originally did not exist
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The results of present cooperation to improve the past in new ways
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Replace something with something simpler and better
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The habit of taking the initiative will give
birth to creativity (inventiveness) after that giving birth to innovation
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1
...
Without serious effort towards the
work he is engaged in, no matter how great an entrepreneur is, he will definitely find a path of
failure in his business
...
Max Weber stated that the essence of the German work ethic is: rational,
highly disciplined, hard work, oriented towards material success, thrifty and modest, not
indulging in pleasure, saving and investing
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This is what is called
by Jansen H
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There are 7 principles in bushido, namely:
1
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Yu: brave, knight,
3
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Re: be polite, act correctly,
5
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Melyo: maintaining honor, dignity, glory,
7
...
It is clear that Japan's progress is because they are committed to
implementing bushido, consistent, intense and quality
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Jansen H
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Work is holy, work is my calling, I am able to work properly
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This kind of work experience is
only possible if someone feels called
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With the awareness that work is a sacred calling, a feeling arises to
do it properly
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Work is healthy, work is my actualization, I am able to work hard
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Actualization means changing
potential into reality
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As a result, we become strong,
healthy physically and mentally
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3
...
The right response is to be grateful and thankful
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Such an understanding will encourage people to work sincerely
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Work is a mandate, work is my responsibility, I am able to work thoroughly
Through work we receive mandates
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If proven capable, trustworthy morals and responsibility will be
strengthened
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So there is no work that is not
finished
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Work is art/play, work is my passion, I am able to work creatively:
Whatever you do, there must be elements of beauty, order, harmony, artistic like art
...
So
working is not just about making money, but more about actualizing creative potential to achieve
satisfaction like art
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Work is worship, work is my devotion, I am able to work seriously:
God requires humans to worship (in the sense of ritual) and to worship (in the sense of work
devoted to God)
...

So work must be serious and earnest so that the meaning of worship can be actualized in real
terms as a form of devotion to God
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Work is noble, work is my service, I am able to work perfectly
Morally true nobility comes from service
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Work is a
form of real service to institutions and others
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We are
not like animals that live for themselves
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So the key is that he will be able to work perfectly
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Work is an honor, work is my duty, I am capable of superior work:
As an honor, work has five dimensions: (1) employers respect us because they choose us as
employees (2) work provides an opportunity to work with our own abilities, (3) good work results
give us respect, (4) income as a reward for work makes someone independent so that they are
no longer dependent or burdened by others, (5) income can support the lives of others
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So the right response is to maintain that honor by working as hard as possible
to produce the highest quality
...

2
...
3 Independent or Not Dependent
In accordance with the core of the entrepreneurial spirit, namely the ability to create something
new and different (create new and different) through creative thinking and innovative action to
create opportunities in facing life's challenges, an entrepreneur must have creative abilities in
developing his ideas and thoughts, especially in creating business opportunities within himself,
he can independently run the business he is engaged in without having to depend on others, an
entrepreneur must be required to always create new things by combining the resources around
him, developing new technologies, finding new knowledge, finding new ways to produce new
goods and services that are more efficient, improving existing products and services, and finding
new ways to provide satisfaction to consumers
...
1
...
Entrepreneurs in taking action should not be
based on speculation, but on careful calculation
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Therefore, entrepreneurs always dare to take moderate risks, meaning
that the risks taken are not too high and not too low
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The results must be real/clear and objective, and are feedback for the smooth
running of their activities (Suryana, 2003: 14-15)
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Entrepreneurs who are not willing to take risks will find it difficult to start or take the initiative
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Bajaro, "an entrepreneur who dares to take risks is someone who
always wants to be a winner and win in a good way" (Yuyun Wirasasmita, in Suryana, 2003:
21)
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Therefore, entrepreneurs do not like risks that are too low or
too high
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Great satisfaction is obtained when successful in carrying out
their tasks realistically
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The choice of this risk is very
dependent on:
1
...
willingness to lose
3
...
self-confidence
2
...

3
...

Risk taking is related to self-confidence
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Therefore, risk takers
are found in innovative and creative people who are the most important part of entrepreneurial
behavior (Suryana, 2003: 22)
2
...
5 High Achievement Motives
Experts suggest that someone has an interest in entrepreneurship because of a certain motive,
namely the achievement motive
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The basic factor is the needs that must be met
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The need for achievement of entrepreneurs is seen in the form of actions to do something better
and more efficiently than before
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Want to overcome the difficulties and problems that arise for himself
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Always need immediate feedback to see success and failure
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Have a high level of personal responsibility
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Dare to face risks with full calculation
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Likes challenges and sees challenges in a balanced way (fifty-fifty)
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Motivation comes from the Latin word "movere" which means to move
...
92) argues that motivation is a person's drive, desire, or
need
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Motives produce energy mobilization (enthusiasm) and strengthen a person's
behavior
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Beck (1990:19), based on a regulatory
approach, states that "drive" is the same as a vehicle that has a mechanism to carry and direct
a person's behavior
...
The loci of intrinsic causes include (1) ability, (2)

effort, and (3) mood, such as fatigue and health
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Achievement motivation contains two aspects, namely (1) characterizing resilience and a fear of
failure and (2) increasing useful hard work and expecting success (McClelland, 1976: 74-75)
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The description above shows that there are at least two indicators in (high) achievement
motivation, namely ability and effort
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2
...
6 Always Perspective
An entrepreneur should be someone who is able to look at the future with more optimism
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Trying to take advantage of opportunities with full
calculation
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Because they have a view far into the future, they will always try to initiate
and create (Suryana, 2003: 23)
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Even with the risks that may occur, a person with perspective must
remain steadfast in seeking opportunities for challenges for future renewal
...
Therefore,
he must prepare it by looking for something
opportunity
...
1
...
In fact, entrepreneurship to
some extent is for everyone
...
First, everyone has
ideals, dreams, or at least hopes to improve the quality of their lives as human beings
...
This "intuition" is related to one of
humanity's potentials, namely the power of creative imagination
...
This thought can be directed to the past, present, and
future
...
It contains a number of life experiences: obstacles and difficulties that we have
faced and how we overcame them, failures and successes, joys and sorrows, and so on
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We must
accept it and give it the right meaning and put it in a present and future perspective (Harefa:
1998)
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By being aware of where we are now, we can be
grateful or complain, we can be complacent or determine the next goal, and so on
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If we have an unpleasant past, and are still in a situation and condition that is not in accordance
with our ideals or dreams, then it is natural for us to hope for a better, brighter, more enjoyable
future
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It is clear that the past, present, and future are directly related to our imagination
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So, if Poppy King says that these three things are faced by an entrepreneur in any field, then
doesn't that mean that entrepreneurship is for everyone? Who is the person on this earth who
has never faced obstacles and difficulties in achieving his ideals and dreams?
The second reason that makes entrepreneurship basically for everyone is because it can be
learned
...
Drucker, for example, once wrote in Innovation and Entrepreneurship that,
"Anyone who has the courage to make a decision can learn to be an entrepreneur, and to
behave like an entrepreneur
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Behavior,
concepts, and theories are things that can be learned by anyone
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As long as we are aware that learning is essentially a sustainable process, which does
not always mean starting and ending at a particular school or university, but can be done
throughout life, anywhere and anytime, learning entrepreneurship can be done by anyone,
although it does not necessarily mean becoming a "big" entrepreneur
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Sabeer Bathia, a digital entrepreneur who
launched hotmail
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And that realization made him confident
enough when he set the price of his invention at 400 million US dollars to Bill Gates, the owner
of Microsoft, who is also an ordinary person
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1
...
This definition also
includes entrepreneurs who are businessmen, who pursue profit ethically, and entrepreneurs
who are not businessmen, including those who manage non-profit organizations that aim to
provide better service to customers/the community
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1
...
He
always wants to appear different, first, more prominent
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He always displays new and different products and services so that he becomes a good
pioneer in the production and marketing process
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Therefore, differences for someone who has an entrepreneurial spirit are a
source of renewal to create value
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Leadership
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Successful entrepreneurs have the ability to use influence
without power, a leader must have the tactics of a mediator and negotiator rather than a dictator
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Entrepreneurs whose behavior and abilities are more
prominent in mobilizing resources and funds, and transforming them into output and marketing
them efficiently are commonly called Administrative Entrepreneurs
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2
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10 Have Managerial Skills
One of the entrepreneurial spirits that an entrepreneur must have is the ability to manage the
business he is working on, an entrepreneur must have the ability to plan a business, organize a
business, visualize a business, manage a business and human resources, control a business,
and the ability to integrate the operations of his company, all of which are managerial skills that
must be possessed by an entrepreneur, without all of that, it is not success that is obtained but
business failure that is obtained
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1
...
[2] Willing and able
to seek and seize profitable opportunities and utilize them
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[4] Willing and able to
communicate, bargain and deliberate with various parties, especially buyers
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[6] Love their
business activities and their company in a straightforward and tough manner but are flexible
enough to protect them
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Bygrave describes entrepreneurship with the 10 D concept, namely:
1
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Decisiveness; not working slowly, making decisions based on precise calculations
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Doers ; make decisions and implement them
4
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Dedication; have high dedication in trying

6
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Details; pay attention to critical factors in detail
8
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Dollars; motivation is not just money
10
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2
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Managerial incompetence
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2
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3
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In order for a company to succeed, the most important factor in
finance is maintaining cash flow
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Mistakes in
maintaining cash flow will hamper the company's operations and cause the company to not run
smoothly
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Failure in planning
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5
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A strategic business location is a factor that determines the success of a
business
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Lack of equipment supervision
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Lack of supervision can result in inefficient and ineffective use of equipment
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A less serious attitude in trying
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With a half-hearted attitude, the possibility of failure
becomes greater
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Entrepreneurs who are not ready to face and make
changes will not be successful entrepreneurs
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