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Title: Hormones
Description: Hormones notes includes notes on endocrine and exocrine glands, the uses of insulin, glucagon and their roles in the body as well as adrenaline and a bit on diabetes.
Description: Hormones notes includes notes on endocrine and exocrine glands, the uses of insulin, glucagon and their roles in the body as well as adrenaline and a bit on diabetes.
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Hormones Notes
A hormone is a chemical substance produced in minute quantities by an endocrine gland
...
After hormones have
performed their functions, they are eventually destroyed by the liver
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They are chemical messengers that help the various
parts of the body to respond, develop and work together smoothly
...
g
...
Other hormones, such as
thyroxine, control or coordinate body activities such as control and development
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Some glands have a duct or tube for carrying away their secretions
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g
...
However, hormones are produced by ductless glands
...
The hormone produced by a ductless gland is
secreted directly into the bloodstream, which then distributes the hormone around the body
...
Some glands such as the adrenal glands are purely endocrine
glands, producing only hormones
...
Hormone production must be balanced
...
However, excess production of certain hormones may be
harmful
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Other
endocrine glands are regulated by certain chemical substances
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Endocrine Glands
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Pituitary Gland It plays an important role as a controller
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This is why the
pituitary gland is often referred to as the ‘master gland’
...
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Hypothalamus An endocrine gland that regulates the secretion of some pituitary hormones from
the pituitary glands, e
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ADH
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Adrenaline has wideranging effects on
the body
...
●
Ovary Secretes oestrogen and progesterone
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Hormones
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Insulin The Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete insulin when the blood glucose
concentration increases above normal levels
...
o
Normal Secretion It decreases blood glucose concentration by increasing the
permeability of cell membranes to glucose which will increase the rate of glucose
uptake by the cells
...
These help to decrease blood glucose concentration
...
Some glucose is subsequently lost in the urine, giving rise to
diabetes mellitus
...
The body oxidizes fats instead of glucose to
produce energy
...
o
Oversecretion Abnormal decrease in blood glucose concentration
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Coma and death may follow
...
The main target of glucagon is
the liver
...
●
Adrenaline The adrenal medulla secretes the hormone adrenaline when one feels afraid, angry,
anxious or stressed
...
The responses that
arise from the secretion of adrenaline are temporary as adrenaline is a shortlived hormone
...
The motor neuron transmits impulses to the adrenal gland at the kidney
...
Blood transports adrenaline to the
target organs via the blood vessels
...
▪
Increase the blood glucose level and the metabolism rate, producing more
energy during respiration
...
▪
The rate of ventilation will increase to increase oxygen intake
...
▪
The arterioles to the gut will constrict, decreasing digestive activities
...
▪
The pupils will dilate to enhance vision
...
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body is unable to control its blood glucose concentration so
that it remains within normal limits
...
The glucose that is not reabsorbed
is excreted in the urine
...
Diabetics have to
measure their blood glucose concentrations and test their urine regularly
...
The endocrine system serves as a means of coordination within the body
...
However, the nervous
control differs from the endocrine control
Title: Hormones
Description: Hormones notes includes notes on endocrine and exocrine glands, the uses of insulin, glucagon and their roles in the body as well as adrenaline and a bit on diabetes.
Description: Hormones notes includes notes on endocrine and exocrine glands, the uses of insulin, glucagon and their roles in the body as well as adrenaline and a bit on diabetes.